Uniform large-area high-gain silicon avalanche radiation detectors from transmutation doped silicon

Gelezunas, V. L.; Siebt, W.; Huth, G.C.

doi:10.1063/1.89288

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The overall gain as high as 5×10 4 was achieved with a timing resolution of 80 ps for a single photon. This high gain and precise timing resolution have been achieved for the first time in an HPD thanks to a suitably designed MP-AD.…”

Section: Summary and Future Prospectmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The HPD output signal was amplified by a charge sensitive amplifier (ORTEC, 142A [9]), further amplified and shaped by a linear amplifier (CANBERRA, 3100-02 [10]), and then analyzed by a multi-channel analyzer (Laboratory equipment corp., MCA/AT [11]). Figure 8 shows the measured pulse-height spectra for photocathode voltages of -9 kV (solid), -8 kV (dashed) and -7 kV (dotted), respectively, with the AD voltage fixed at 250 V. The total gains for these conditions were 2.7×10 4 , 2.1×10 4 or 1.6×10 4 , respectively. The resolution (R), which is defined as the ratio of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) to the peak channel of the spectrum, improves with increasing photocathode voltage, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Pulse-height Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mirror was put on the open end of the scintillating fibers to reflect photons towards the HPD. The applied voltages were -8 kV on the photocathode and 315 V on the AD for the gain of 3.8×10 4 . All 64 pixels of the HPD were connected to readout circuits, which consisted of a 64 input front-end chip (IDE, VA32_HDR2 [16]) with a shaping time of 1µs, control circuitry and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) board (National instruments, PCI-6111E…”

Section: Practical Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a multi-pixel photon sensor with single-photon sensitivity

Suyama

Fukasawa

Haba

et al. 2004

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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A multi-pixel photon sensor with single-photon sensitivity has been developed. Based on a hybrid photo-detector (HPD) technology, it consists of a photocathode and a multi-pixel avalanche diode (MP-AD). The developed HPD has a proximity-focused structure, where the photocathode and MP-AD face each other with a small gap of 2.5 mm. The MP-AD, which has an effective area of 16mm×16mm, is composed of 8×8 pixel and has been specially designed for the HPD. The maximum gain of the HPD is 5×10 4 , sufficiently high to detect single photons with a timing resolution better than 100 ps. Up to four photoelectrons can be clearly identified as distinct peaks in a pulse-height spectrum, thanks to the low noise characteristics of the HPD. It is also 1 demonstrated that the HPD can be operated with good performance in a magnetic field as high as 1.5T.

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Section: Summary and Future Prospectmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Pulse-height Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Practical Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a multi-pixel photon sensor with single-photon sensitivity

Suyama

Fukasawa

Haba

et al. 2004

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…In the tubes which we have made we have used the 16mm diameter active area APD's from Advanced Photonix [2].…”

Section: The Avalanche Photodiodementioning

confidence: 99%

A PMT using avalanche photodiodes

Cushman

Rusack

IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging

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A photomultiplier tube based on Avalanche Photodiodes (APD) operating in the electron bombardment mode has been developed. The tube has a large linear dynamic range, moderate gain (5 x IO5), resistance to magnetic fields, and can be made with NEA photocathodes. This device will be useful for calorimetry at the SSC where large dynamic ranges are required and other applications where high quantum efficiency photocathodes are needed. The extension of this concept to a multichannel device with a segmented APD array will provide a cost effective fiber readout for both tracking and calorimetry applications. A tube equipped with such an array is being developed currently as a readout option for the SDC Shower Maximum Detect or. ments are that the linear dynamic range should be three decades or more; the cross-talk between channels should be 2% or less; the channel-to-channel uniformity should be better than 3:l and time jitter between channels should be less than 3nsec. The photodetector should be able to operate in a magnetic field of 100G, with shielding if necessary, and in its operating lifetime it should be able to deliver an integrated photoelectron current of 1mC over a period of 10 years with a loss of no more than 50% photocathode sensitivity.At present, multi-channel photomultiplier tubes, A T'D's in the optical mode and image tubes equipped with a segmented APD at the anode are being considering for this application. This last option, the APD-PMT, is is the subject of the remainder of this paper.

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“…Avalanche Photodiodes of the bevelededge structure were introduced over twenty years ago [ 1, 2,3]. In spite of efforts by various groups these devices found very limited application because of poor stability and low production yield.…”

Section: Introduction III the Detector Performancementioning

confidence: 99%