Unlocking the potential of walnut husk extract in the production of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel

Khounani, Zahra; Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Homa; Nizami, Abdul-Sattar; Sulaiman, Alawi; Goli, Sayed Amir Hossein; Tavassoli-Kafrani, Elham; Ghaffari, Akram; Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali; Kim, Ki‐Hyun; Talebi, Ahmad Farhad; Aghbashlo, Mortaza; Tabatabaei, Meisam

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109588

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Indeed, only 100 ppm of Thuja oreantalis L. extract could increase the induction period of biodiesel from waste cooking oil from 4.55 to 6.79 h, meeting both the EN 14214 and the ASTM D-6751 requirements. 174 Extract from walnut husk was used to replace propyl gallate as an antioxidant in waste cooking oil methyl esters by Khounani et al 175 The authors used a photovoltaic-driven extraction process to obtain the polyphenols from walnut husk. The use of this extract (5000 pm with 250 ppm of propyl gallacte) in the waste cooking oil methyl esters led to Effectiveness expressed as a ratio between the induction period in the presence of the antioxidant and the induction period in the absence of the additive.…”

Section: Increasing Fuel Stability Through Novel Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stability of biodiesel: recent insights

Longanesi

Pereira

Johnston

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Biodiesel, the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of vegetable and animal oil, is now used extensively worldwide, with blends of up to 7% common. The blending level is still somewhat limited due to a perceived susceptibility of these fuels to oxidation. Oxidation follows a number of pathways, with the primary mechanism being auto-oxidation, a radical process that results in the production of a range of oxygenated components. These eventually increase the viscosity of the fuel and form deposits detrimental to operation. Further fuel properties are also heavily reliant on the level of oxidation. As such, one of the main challenges in the use of biodiesel is its long-term instability when stored. Typically synthetic antioxidants have been used to address this issue; however, these systems can also add to the formation of deposits, as well as hazardous emissions, on combustion. Recently, research has focused on novel antioxidant development mainly from plant extracts, although there are a number of other routes for improved performance, including the commercialization of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO), a prominent alternative to FAME-based biodiesel due to its higher stability, straight chain paraffin composition, and better cold flow properties. In this review, the factors that promote this oxidation are presented, including molecular composition, metal contamination, temperature and light exposure, as well as the latest findings on the inclusion of HVO, the current state-of-the-art analytical techniques employed, and the impact of higher pressure injection systems on vehicles that demonstrate deposit formation is not solely due to the unsaturated biodiesel components.

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Section: Increasing Fuel Stability Through Novel Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stability of biodiesel: recent insights

Longanesi

Pereira

Johnston

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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show abstract

“…While the data related to LCA of propyl gallate (PG) as a synthetic antioxidant was investigated as control. The present data provide supplementary information to our recently published work [1].…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Further to Ref. [1], the supplementary files designated as “Raw data-B100 production.csv”, “Elementary flows-B100 production.csv”, “Characterization-B100 production.csv”, “Damage assessment-B100 production.csv”, and “Weighting-B100 production.csv” show detailed list of the inventory data consisting of raw data as well as the elementary flows to and from the environment, mid-point and end-point categories of the environmental impacts associated with the production of 1 kg WCO by LCA (performed using IMPACT 2002 + method).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Data on environmental analysis of natural antioxidant production from walnut husk by a solar photovoltaic-driven system as a replacement for potentially carcinogenic synthetic antioxidants

Khounani

Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha

Nizami

et al. 2020

Data in Brief

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In order to develop a product sustainably, multiple analyses, including comprehensive environmental assessment, are required. Solar-assisted production of walnut husk methanolic extract (WHME) as a natural antioxidant for biodiesel was scrutinized by using the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. More specifically, the environmental sustainability of WHME antioxidant was evaluated and compared to that of propyl gallate (PG), the most widely used synthetic biodiesel antioxidant, under two scenarios. Additionally, supplementary files including the inventory data consisting of raw data as well as elementary flows, mid-point, and end-point categories are presented. The analysis of scenarios revealed that the use of the natural antioxidant and the avoidance of the chemical antioxidant in biodiesel fuel could be regarded as an eco-friendly approach substantially enhancing the environmental friendliness of biodiesel in particular in terms of human health. Furthermore, given the waste-oriented nature of WHME, the scenario involved its application could serve as a promising strategy to simultaneously valorize the agro-waste and generate a value-added product; a move toward implementing the circular economy approach in the biodiesel industry.

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“…Biodiesel, an alternative fuel derived from vegetable oils or animals fats is quite susceptible to oxidation and this process affects fuel quality. The use of synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene delays the onset of oxidation but naturally sourced antioxidants can be just as effective as synthetic ones at the same time being inexpensive, non-toxic and environmentally friendly compared to their synthetic counterparts [3] .…”

Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally present metal ions in plants could interfere with common antioxidant assays

et al. 2020

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Most of the commonly applied assays used to assess antioxidant properties of plant extracts exploit the ability of some biologically active metabolites to participate in oxidation-reduction reactions with metal ions. On the other hand, most plants contain different chelated metal ions whose levels depend on the geographic origin, soil, and environmental pollutions. In this study the levels of redox-active metal ions in three plant sources were measured and extracts of these botanicals were treated with Chelex Ⓡ – an ion exchanger that is noteworthy for its ability to bind transition metal ions. The original and chelated extracts were subjected to three antioxidant assays based on single electron transfer. The results obtained showed statistically significant differences between the original and Chelex-treated extracts suggesting that the naturally present metal ions could interfere with the results of the three most commonly applied antioxidant methods. The proposed pre-analytical procedure is simple and does not require special instrumental equipment. Preliminary depletion of redox active metal ions, namely iron and copper ions could improve reproducibility of the analytical methods. The method allows a more reliable comparison of antioxidant properties of particular botanical species from different geographic regions.

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Unlocking the potential of walnut husk extract in the production of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel

Cited by 46 publications

References 86 publications

Oxidative stability of biodiesel: recent insights

Oxidative stability of biodiesel: recent insights

Data on environmental analysis of natural antioxidant production from walnut husk by a solar photovoltaic-driven system as a replacement for potentially carcinogenic synthetic antioxidants

Naturally present metal ions in plants could interfere with common antioxidant assays

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