Unprotected Sex with Injecting Drug Users among Iranian Female Sex Workers: Unhide HIV Risk Study

Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh; Rezazade, Majid; Nafarie, Mohammad; Moazen, Babak; Vasel, Mosaieb Yarmohmmadi; Assari, Shervin

doi:10.1155/2012/651070

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…During this period, 24.4% of participants had unprotected sex and 30.1% of them sometimes used a condom, 4.7% almost every time, and 40.6% for all instances of vaginal intercourse (18). Another study showed that 19% of female SWs reported at least one occasion of unprotected sex with an injecting drug user in the past one month (19). Fahimfar et al (20) showed that most of the studied 442 SWs (36.2%) were 25 -34 years old, and 14.3% of them illiterate and 31% unemployed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Drug Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Women at a Drop-In Center in Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2014

Taghizadeh¹,

Taghizadeh²,

Fathi³

et al. 2015

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Female drug users are more likely to transmit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to their sexual partners. Little is known about HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), cervicitis, and drug abuse among female sex workers in Iran. Objectives: Therefore, this study was conducted at a drop-in center (DIC) in Iran to investigate the prevalence of HIV associated risk factors, the prevalence of drug use, high-risk sexual behaviors, and the relationship between the associated factors in women. Patients and Methods:This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 female sex workers (SW) in a DIC in Sari, Mazandaran, Northern Iran, in January and February 2014. The study sample was selected through census sampling. In the end, 190 female SWs referring to the DIC participated in our study. There was no limitation in sampling. The self-administered questionnaire was completed via an interview. Results:The results showed that 39% of the female SWs were less than 30 years old and 64% had elementary school education. In addition, 59% of the participants took some type of illegal drugs and 1.1% of them were reportedly injecting drug users. Moreover, 43% of them had substance dependent husbands, and 39% were reportedly regular condom users. They had 1 -10 sexual partners on average per week. The overall prevalence of HIV infection was 4%. A significant relationship was found between the type of drugs used and factors such as having a substance dependent husband, use of condom during the last sexual contact, regular condom use, and the number of sexual acts per week. A significant correlation exists between using psychiatric drugs and factors like regular condom use, education, cervicitis, and the number of sexual conducts per week. Conclusions: Female sex workers often engage in sex for financial reasons and are at high risk of drug abuse, HIV, and cervicitis. In addition, the rate of cervicitis among females with high-risk sexual behavior is considerable in Mazandaran, Iran. Therefore, the state authorities should provide sex workers with health care services and help them acquire a good job to support their life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Drug Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Women at a Drop-In Center in Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2014

Taghizadeh¹,

Taghizadeh²,

Fathi³

et al. 2015

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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“…A large body of research has been conducted to assess the risk of HIV among Iranian high-risk populations (11)(12)(13)(14). Few studies have also been carried out to evaluate the different dimensions of mental and physical health status among Iranian PLHIV.…”

Section: Key Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV-positive people in Tehran, Iran: a mixed-method descriptive study

Moazen

Rezaei

Hajizadeh

et al. 2015

Int J Health Policy Manag

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Background: People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are highly stigmatized and consequently hard-to-access by researchers and importantly, public health outreach in Iran, possibly due to the existing socio-cultural situation in this country. The present study aimed to evaluate the sexual and reproductive health needs of PLHIV in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Methods: As a mixed-method descriptive study, this project was conducted in 2012 in Tehran, Iran. In this study, we evaluated and discussed socio-demographic characteristics, family and social support, sexual behaviors, fertility desires and needs, PMTCT services, contraceptive methods, unintended pregnancy and safe abortion, and Pap smear tests among 400 participants referring to the behavioral disorders consulting centers. Results: Of the sample 240 (60%) were male and 160 (40%) were female. About 50% of women and 40% of men were 25-34 years old. More than 60% of men and 96% of women were married, while more than 50% of the participants had HIV-positive spouses at the time of study. According to the results, fertility desire was observed among more than 30% of female and 40% of male participants. Results of the in-depth interviews indicate that the participants are not satisfied with most of the existing services offered to address their sexual and reproductive health needs.

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“…Evidence leaves no doubt that women are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS than men (17,29,30). In this study "partner's condom refusal" was the main reason of condom non-use among women living with HIV/AIDS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…HIV prevalence was 20.2% among a sample of Iranian drug users, and the positives were more likely to be male, share needles, have unsafe sex, and have a history of imprisonment (16). Another study stated that FSWs predictors of unsafe intercourse with people who inject drugs (PWIDs) included higher education, perceived HIV risk, and perceived family intimacy during childhood (17). Condom use among male PWIDs who had sex with men was only 20% during last sexual intercourse (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Consistent Condom Use Among Iranians Living with HIV/AIDS: Implication for Prevention

Moazen

Hajizadeh

Setayesh

et al. 2017

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Background: Individuals that are HIV positive can transmit the infection through unprotected sex. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of consistent condom use among Iranian people living with HIV/AIDS as one of the most stigmatized and hard-to-access groups in this country. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran. A total of 400 heterosexuals living with HIV/AIDS were sampled from 5 behavioral consulting centers through a purposive sampling method. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariate logistic regression, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression model were used as the statistical models in this study. Results: Of all 400 participants, 240 (60%) were men. The mean age was 34.7 for both sexes. During the past year, 335 (83.7%) were sexually active and 269 (67.9%) reported never having used a condom. Consistent condom use (always using condom in sexual intercourse) was reported by 67 (16.7%) of the participants. Consistent condom use was significantly associated with participation in HIV prevention courses (P = 0.003), knowledge of unsafe sex consequences (P = 0.017), condom use as a dual protection method (P = 0.0001), having a HIV-positive sexual partner (P = 0.0001), as well as being in a regular sexual relationship (P = 0.005). Conclusions: Development and improvement of the HIV prevention programs seems necessary to control the transmission of HIV in each community. However, results of the present study emphasize the importance of more attention to some specific programs such as prevention of mother-to-child transmission as a result of the willingness of Iranian people living with HIV/AIDS to child bearing. In addition, more attention should be paid to women as the more vulnerable part of the community to better prevent and control HIV in Iran.

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Unprotected Sex with Injecting Drug Users among Iranian Female Sex Workers: Unhide HIV Risk Study

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Drug Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Women at a Drop-In Center in Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2014

Drug Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Women at a Drop-In Center in Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2014

Sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV-positive people in Tehran, Iran: a mixed-method descriptive study

Determinants of Consistent Condom Use Among Iranians Living with HIV/AIDS: Implication for Prevention

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