Update on Canine Parvovirus Infection: A Review from the Literature

Mia, Md. Mukthar; Hasan, Mahamudul

doi:10.17582/journal.vsrr/2021.7.2.92.100

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

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“…The canine parvovirus (CPV) belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus of the Parvoviridae family and is one of the smallest known viruses. The CPV has a non-enveloped icosahedral structure that contains a linear, non-segmented, negative sense, single-stranded DNA genome with 5,323 bases [ 1 2 ]. This genome encodes three structural proteins (VP1, VP2, and VP3) and two non-structural (NS) proteins (NS1 and NS2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and inflammatory response to antiviral treatments in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Ulas,

Ozkanlar,

Ozkanlar

et al. 2024

J Vet Sci

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Background Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a fatal disease worldwide. The treatment of CPE is based mainly on supportive and symptomatic treatment. Antiviral addition to the treatment may result in a higher survival. Objectives This study evaluated the effects of antiviral treatments with a standardized treatment (ST) on the clinical and inflammatory response of dogs with naturally occurring CPE. Methods Twenty-eight dogs with CPE caused by canine parvovirus type 2 were divided randomly into treatment groups. The ST group received fluid, antibiotic, antiemetic, and deworming treatments. The antiviral treatment groups received the same ST with an additional antiviral drug, recombinant feline interferon omega (rFeIFN-ω), oseltamivir (OSEL) or famciclovir (FAM). Results Compared to the healthy control, the tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein values were high ( p < 0.05) on day zero. At presentation, mild lymphopenia, neutropenia, and a high neutrophil to lymphocyte (LYM) ratio (NLR) were also observed. Adding rFeIFN-ω to the ST produced the best improvement in the clinical score with a decreased NLR, while leucocytes remained low and inflammatory markers stayed high on day three. The survival rates of the groups were 85.7% in ST+IFN, 71.4% in ST+OSEL, 71.4% in ST+FAM, and 57.1% in ST groups on day seven. Conclusions Antiviral drugs may be valuable in treating CPE to improve the clinical signs and survival. In addition, the decrease in NLR in favor of LYM may be an indicator of the early prognosis before the improvement of leukocytes, cytokines, and acute phase proteins in CPE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and inflammatory response to antiviral treatments in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Ulas,

Ozkanlar,

Ozkanlar

et al. 2024

J Vet Sci

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Antiviral activity of canine interferon lambda 3 expressed using a recombinant adenovirus against canine coronavirus, canine parvovirus, and canine distemper virus

Kim

Han

et al. 2022

Vet Res Commun

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Epizootological monitoring and features of the clinical manifestations of canine parvoviral enteritis

Revunets

2024

Veterinary Medicine: Inter-Departmental Subject Scientific Collection

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Canine parvovirus enteritis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young dogs worldwide. Parvovirus infection in dogs was first recorded in Belgium in 1976, and later cases of the disease appeared in the USA, Australia, and European countries. Currently, parvovirus infection in dogs is quite common in Ukraine and other European countries and is the subject of research by many scientists. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to analyze the spread of canine parvovirus enteritis in different countries of the world, to clarify the clinical and epizootological features of canine parvovirus in the service area of the veterinary clinic "Veles" (Makariv village). To study the distribution and epizootic situation of canine parvovirus enteritis in the countries of the world, information sources such as the MDPI Open Access Journals website, Google Scholar, the portal of Croatian scientific and technical journals Hrčak, the scientific portal ResearchGate and the international journal ScienceDirect were used. Based on the registration records of sick animals in the Veterinary Clinic "Veles" for the year 2023, an analysis of epizootologic features and clinical manifestations of parvovirus in 360 dogs was performed. As a result of the research, it was established that parvovirus infection occurs in 52.5% of dogs. Among the infectious patients in the clinic, there were also cases of adenovirus - 43,7%, carnivore plague - 3%, and leptospirosis - 0,7%. When analyzing the breed susceptibility to parvovirus enteritis, out of 360 dogs, the disease was most often detected in purebred dogs - 294 (81.7%), huskies - 14 (3.9%), Belgian shepherds - 10 (2.8%), and collies - 12 (3.3%). The study of seasonality showed that the peak of morbidity in the fall occurs in the spring, summer (March-June), and fall (September-November). An analysis of age susceptibility shows that parvovirus enteritis occurred most frequently in dogs aged 2 to 18 months (83%). The study of the features of the clinical manifestation of the disease showed that parvovirus infection manifests itself in 3 forms depending on the dominant localization of the virus - cardiac (myocarditis), intestinal (enteritis), and mixed. The study of the characteristics of the clinical manifestation of the disease showed that the intestinal form of the disease is most often registered, which occupies more than 77% of the structure of the clinical manifestation of the disease, the cardiac form - 10.6%, and is usually observed in puppies under the age of 2 months, and the mixed form - 12.2% of the total number of sick animals and occurs in dogs with a weakened immune system, unvaccinated animals. Diagnosis is made based on anamnesis, clinical signs, epizootological and laboratory data, in particular, detection of viral protein antigen by immunochromatographic express test or determination of antibody titer by IFA diagnostics. The mortality rate of parvovirus enteritis in dogs at the veterinary clinic was 16.7% (60 animals died), therefore the key to the recovery of the animal is a timely visit to the veterinarian and the appointment of the necessary treatment

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Update on Canine Parvovirus Infection: A Review from the Literature

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Clinical and inflammatory response to antiviral treatments in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Clinical and inflammatory response to antiviral treatments in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Antiviral activity of canine interferon lambda 3 expressed using a recombinant adenovirus against canine coronavirus, canine parvovirus, and canine distemper virus

Epizootological monitoring and features of the clinical manifestations of canine parvoviral enteritis

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