Uptake, Accumulation and Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticle in Autotrophic Plants, and Heterotrophic Microbes: A Concentric Review

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a cutting-edge field of science with the potential to revolutionize today’s technological advances including industrial applications. It is being utilized for the welfare of mankind; but at the same time, the unprecedented use and uncontrolled release of nanomaterials into the environment poses enormous threat to living organisms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in several industries and its continuous release may hamper many physiological and biochemical processes in the living organisms including autotrophs and heterotrophs. The present review gives a concentric know-how of the effects of AgNPs on the lower and higher autotrophic plants as well as on heterotrophic microbes so as to have better understanding of the differences in effects among these two groups. It also focuses on the mechanism of uptake, translocation, accumulation in the plants and microbes, and resulting toxicity as well as tolerance mechanisms by which these microorganisms are able to survive and reduce the effects of AgNPs. This review differentiates the impact of silver nanoparticles at various levels between autotrophs and heterotrophs and signifies the prevailing tolerance mechanisms. With this background, a comprehensive idea can be made with respect to the influence of AgNPs on lower and higher autotrophic plants together with heterotrophic microbes and new insights can be generated for the researchers to understand the toxicity and tolerance mechanisms of AgNPs in plants and microbes.

Antioxidant activity and potential of <i>Caesalpinia sappan </i>aqueous extract on synthesis of silver nanoparticles

“…It is considered that smaller size AgNPs having the large surface area which available for interaction microorganism cell than the larger size AgNPs (26). The mechanism of antimicrobial activity of AgNPs has been proposed that it is due to the adhesion of AgNPs on the surface of the microorganisms and change the properties of their membranes (27). Moreover, the effective of AgNPs on microbial is dependent on the microorganisms genus, species, strain and also isolates (28).…”

Impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on soil microbial community depending on functionalization, concentration, exposure time, and soil texture

“…In addition, the likelihood of a microbe to encounter a silver particle or ion is generally low concerning the applied low test concentrations. In the event of a coincidence, bacteria possess various commonly defense mechanisms to escape the toxic influence of silver, such as the thickness of their peptidoglycan-membrane as the first line of defense [91], efflux systems to extrude heavy metal ions [4,92,93] and the production of extracellular proteins and exopolysaccharide [94] to neutralize small amounts of toxic compounds [95,96]. Furthermore, some bacteria obtain specific silver resistance genes, which encode periplasmic silver-specific binding protein (SilE), silver efflux pumps (P-type ATPase), and membrane potential-dependent polypeptide cations/proton antiporter (SilCBA) [4].…”

Análise Da Utilização De Nanopartículas De Prata E/Ou Plasma De Baixa Pressão E Temperatura Para a Prevenção De Candida Albicans Em Próteses Dentárias

“…Estudos de toxicidade em algas, plantas e micro-organismos indicam que na Escherichia coli uma concentração variável de 50-60 microgramas por centímetro cúbico (µg/cm3) promove a inibição do crescimento bacteriano. Já no gênero Saccharomyces, concentrações de 13.2 nanomolar (nM) induzem a perda de permeabilidade da membrana (TRIPATHI et al, 2017). Por conseguinte, estudos de doses letais (DL) relatam que a DL50 Oral em modelos animais é de 1.173 miligramas por quilograma (mg/Kg) e que a degeneração hepática em ratos machos ocorre com a presença de 1 µg/mL (SIQUEIRA et al, 2013).…”