Urban Continent, Urban Activism? European Cities and Social Movement Activism

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“…Within cities and public spaces, activism is increasing. Examples of this increase include the emergence of tactical urbanism (Mould, 2014), austerity urbanism (Peck, 2012), social movements (Schoene, 2017) and insurgent spaces (Roy, 2005). Activists challenge the tacit, neo-liberalist assumptions behind many plans, spatial interventions, regulations and policies.…”

Clustering consumers who engage in boycotting: New insights into the relationship between political consumerism and institutional trust

“…Schoene's (2016) research indicates that generalized trust increases the probability of wearing a badge, signing a petition, boycotting a product and protesting. Koos (2012) empirical study also found that individuals' generalized trust increases the likelihood of engagement in both forms of political consumption, boycotting and buycotting.…”

“…Social movements, such as the ones that support boycotting, need people working together to be successful, so generalized trust can act as an important structural resource (Schoene 2016). Generalized trust in others can be considered a prerequisite for collective behavior since trust helps to build collective identities that form the basis of social movements (Schoene 2016).…”

“…Generalized trust in others can be considered a prerequisite for collective behavior since trust helps to build collective identities that form the basis of social movements (Schoene 2016).…”

“…Gender is a simple dichotomous variable and age was computed based on the year of birth of each respondent. To measure education levels we followed Schoene's (2016) approach and used a variable that indicates the total years of fulltime education completed.…”