Urban Water Demand Simulation in Residential and Non-Residential Buildings Based on a CityGML Data Model

Abstract

Humans’ activities in urban areas put a strain on local water resources. This paper introduces a method to accurately simulate the stress urban water demand in Germany puts on local resources on a single-building level, and scalable to regional levels without loss of detail. The method integrates building geometry, building physics, census, socio-economy and meteorological information to provide a general approach to assessing water demands that also overcome obstacles on data aggregation and processing imposed by data privacy guidelines. Three German counties were used as validation cases to prove the feasibility of the presented approach: on average, per capita water demand and aggregated water demand deviates by less than 7% from real demand data. Scenarios applied to a case region Ludwigsburg in Germany, which takes the increment of water price, aging of the population and the climate change into account, show that the residential water demand has the change of −2%, +7% and −0.4% respectively. The industrial water demand increases by 46% due to the development of economy indicated by GDP per capita. The rise of precipitation and temperature raise the water demand in non-residential buildings (excluding industry) of 1%.

Inception of Harmonising Data Silos and Urban Simulation Tools Using 3d City Models for Sustainable Management of the Urban Food Water and Energy Resources

“…Additionally, literature derived temporal food consumption dataset (Dobisch, 2019) for the county of Ludwigsburg was stored in FWESystem module and visualised as show in figure 13. In a separate study, the FWEBuilding module is again used to store census derived building occupancy details to estimate water demand for residential and non-residential buildings (Bao et al, 2020b).…”

CFD Simulation and Visualization Based Investigation of Small Wind Turbine Potential: A Case Study “Neuer Stöckach” for Stuttgart

“…For the proposed work, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standardized open data model of CityGML was chosen. The decision to chose CityGML was influenced by 1) it is an open geodata standard with its application in variety of urban studies (Rossknecht and Airaksinen, 2020), (Bao et al, 2020), (Deininger et al, 2020), 2) the City of Stuttgart already has the CityGML models for the existing building stock of Stöckach and 3) it is possible to integrate and visualize simulation results on a web interface (Schneider et al, 2020). The process to construct the 3D city model of the study area was motivated by the approach adopted by (Padsala et al, 2020).…”

Near Real-Time Semantic View Analysis of 3D City Models in Web Browser

“…3D city models can serve as a starting point for both visualization and various analyses [4][5][6]. One of the most important applications of 3D city models has been the visualization for urban planning.…”

“…For example, the isovist analysis shown in [10] is mostly reliant on geometry, whereas the energy efficiency application in [8] also utilizes the semantic information of model objects. By integrating additional data sets to the 3D city model, analyses that combine the model geometry with various properties also become feasible (e.g., [5]).…”