Urgensi dan Opsi Perubahan Kebijakan Subsidi Pupuk

Abstract

<p>Fertilizer is essential for crop production improvement. Fertilizer cost share in farm business is about 10 percent only, but fertilizer distribution is under government’s control especially for small-holders. Fertilizer subsidy policy deals with various problems and it requires some changes. This study aims to analyze fertilizer subsidy, namely formulating policy options and alternatives for fertilizer direct-subsidy (SLP). This study employs secondary data and related information from the case studies of pilot projects in Lombok Island (NTB Province) and Karawang Regency (West Java Province). This study uses quantitative analysis and qualitative descriptive approaches. Three options of policy changes in fertilizer subsidy are (i) shifting SLP to output price subsidy, (ii) SLP, and (iii) gradual subsidy abolition. SLP policy should be implemented effectively with following alternatives: (i) SLP pilot projects to be implemented in Java and rice-producing centers outside Java and non-rice producing centers outside Java, (ii) targeted farmers to receive subsidy are poor and almost poor with certain land holding size, (iii) indicators of poor and almost poor farmers and criteria of the restricted provinces to be established accurately, and (iv) restriction to be implemented in Java and rice-producing centers outside Java, but no restriction in non-rice producing centers outside Java. </p><p align="center"> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Pupuk memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan produksi tanaman. Kontribusi pupuk terhadap biaya usaha tani sekitar 10%, namun pupuk ditetapkan sebagai komoditas strategis dan diawasi peredarannya. Instrumen pemerintah dalam kebijakan pupuk adalah pemberian subsidi harga pupuk. Kebijakan subsidi pupuk menghadapi berbagai kendala, sehingga timbul wacana untuk melakukan perubahan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis kebijakan subsidi pupuk, yaitu menyusun perubahan kebijakan serta alternatif pelaksanaan kebijakan subsidi langsung pupuk (SLP). Data sekunder dan informasi dari studi kasus digunakan dalam kajian ini. Cakupan data meliputi tingkat nasional dan studi kasus uji coba di Pulau Lombok (Nusa Tenggara Barat) dan Kabupaten Karawang (Jawa Barat). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Tiga opsi perubahan kebijakan subsidi pupuk meliputi (i) pengalihan subsidi pupuk ke subsidi harga output, (ii) subsidi langsung pupuk (SLP), dan (iii) penghapusan subsidi bertahap. Empat alternatif mekanisme uji coba Kebijakan SLP agar efektif adalah (i) uji coba SLP dilakukan di dua lokasi yang mewakili kondisi di Jawa dan sentra produksi padi dan kondisi luar Jawa yang bukan sentra padi; (ii) sasaran penerima subsidi adalah petani miskin dan hampir miskin dengan luas lahan tertentu, (iii) indikator kemiskinan maupun batasan miskin dan hampir miskin serta kriteria provinsi yang terkena pembatasan ditetapkan secara jelas, dan (iv) pembatasan sasaran penerima subsidi hanya dilakukan di Jawa dan sentra produksi padi di luar Jawa, sedangkan di luar Jawa bukan sentra produsen padi tidak dilakukan pembatasan.</p>

Beyond Fertilizer and Seed Subsidies: Rethinking Support to Incentivize Productivity and Drive Competition in Agricultural Input Markets

“…Many studies, including some published by the MOA, have acknowledged the economic and logistical inefficiencies and poor productivity improvements under the fertilizer subsidy (e.g., Armas et al, 2012;Kholis & Setiaji, 2020;Rachman, 2012;Susila, 2010). However, the complete elimination of the subsidy remains unpopular.…”

“…The removal was to be compensated by increasing the government's purchasing price of paddy (Harga Pembelian Pemerintah or HPP) by 5% annually. These recommendations were rejected by the House of Representatives (DPR RI, 2018;Susilowati, 2016).…”

Karakteristik Rumahtangga Petani Usaha Padi Penerima PKH di Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat

“…Namun demikian, penyesuaian HET tersebut hendaknya tidak dilakukan secara drastis, untuk menghindari dampak psikologis yang negatif bagi petani. Untuk mempertahankan tingkat pendapatan petani padi, kenaikan HET tersebut perlu dibarengi kebijakan lain yang dilakukan secara bersamaan baik itu berupa kebijakan pertanian lain berupa kenaikan HPP gabah, maupun kebijakan lain berupa program perlindungan sosial (Susilowati 2016).…”

Factors Influencing the Farmers’ Behavioral Intentions of Farmer Cards in Sumenep Regency

“…The world of agriculture has entered the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, which has the opportunity to develop in meeting the needs of farmers, especially in subsidized fertilizers (Ahmad & Wibowo, 2021). A policy is like a double-edged sword, the first side has a positive impact which means it will provide support in improving the national economy and welfare for farmers, but the other side harms state financing (Susilowati, 2016). The government launched the subsidized fertilizer policy to fulfill the six principles in its implementation.…”