Urinary extracellular vesicles: A position paper by the Urine Task Force of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles

Erdbrügger, Uta; Blijdorp, Charles J.; Bijnsdorp, Irene V.; Borràs, Francesc E.; Burger, Dylan; Bussolati, Benedetta; Byrd, James Brian; Clayton, Aled; Dear, James W.; Falcón‐Pérez, Juan Manuel; Grange, Cristina; Hill, Andrew; Holthöfer, Harry; Hoorn, Ewout J.; Jenster, Guido; Jiménez, Connie R.; Junker, Kerstin; Klein, John B.; Knepper, Mark A.; Koritzinsky, Erik H.; Luther, James M.; Lenassi, Metka; Leivo, Janne; Mertens, Inge; Musante, Luca; Oeyen, Eline; Puhka, Maija; Royen, Martin E. van; Sánchez, Catherine; Soekmadji, Carolina; Thongboonkerd, Visith; Steijn, Volkert van; Verhaegh, Gerald W.; Webber, Jason P.; Witwer, Kenneth W.; Yuen, Peter S.T.; Zheng, Lei; Llorente, Alicia; Martens‐Uzunova, Elena S.

doi:10.1002/jev2.12093

Cited by 255 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 296 publications

(499 reference statements)

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“…The prostatic fluids, EPSu and urine are also rich in extracellular vesicles (EV), which are a source for many ongoing non-coding RNA and related oligonucleotide-targeted diagnostic assays for prostate cancer and multiple diseases ( Van Gils et al, 2007 ; Laxman et al, 2008 ; Linxweiler and Junker, 2020 ). EV obtained from urine and EPSu continues to be a highly active area for diagnostic assay development ( Wang et al, 2020 ; Erdbrügger et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct N-Glycosylation Profiling of Urine and Prostatic Fluid Glycoproteins and Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2021

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Expressed prostatic secretions (EPS), also called post digital rectal exam urines, are proximal fluids of the prostate that are widely used for diagnostic and prognostic assays for prostate cancer. These fluids contain an abundant number of glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles secreted by the prostate gland, and the ability to detect changes in their N-glycans composition as a reflection of disease state represents potential new biomarker candidates. Methods to characterize these N-glycan constituents directly from clinical samples in a timely manner and with minimal sample processing requirements are not currently available. In this report, an approach is described to directly profile the N-glycan constituents of EPS urine samples, prostatic fluids and urine using imaging mass spectrometry for detection. An amine reactive slide is used to immobilize glycoproteins from a few microliters of spotted samples, followed by peptide N-glycosidase digestion. Over 100 N-glycan compositions can be detected with this method, and it works with urine, urine EPS, prostatic fluids, and urine EPS-derived extracellular vesicles. A comparison of the N-glycans detected from the fluids with tissue N-glycans from prostate cancer tissues was done, indicating a subset of N-glycans present in fluids derived from the gland lumens. The developed N-glycan profiling is amenable to analysis of larger clinical cohorts and adaptable to other biofluids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct N-Glycosylation Profiling of Urine and Prostatic Fluid Glycoproteins and Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2021

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“…Over the last years the complexity of mitochondrial functions and their particular importance in the development of renal diseases have become clearer. Rapidly developing technological capabilities for genetic testing, analysis of genetic and non-genomic disease mechanisms and new biomarkers will help to make the correct diagnosis in a larger number of patients and at an earlier disease state ( Schlosser et al, 2020 ; Erdbrugger et al, 2021 ; Hay et al, 2021 ; Tin and Kottgen, 2021 ). Challenging tasks for the future include deciphering the complex mitochondrial signals and signaling pathways that determine adaptation and regeneration on the one hand and maladaptation, cell death, fibrosis, and renal failure on the other hand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Mitochondrial Pathologies Caused by Mutations of the Proximal Tubular Enzymes EHHADH and GATM

et al. 2021

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The mitochondria of the proximal tubule are essential for providing energy in this nephron segment, whose ATP generation is almost exclusively oxygen dependent. In addition, mitochondria are involved in a variety of metabolic processes and complex signaling networks. Proximal tubular mitochondrial dysfunction can therefore affect renal function in very different ways. Two autosomal dominantly inherited forms of renal Fanconi syndrome illustrate how multifaceted mitochondrial pathology can be: Mutation of EHHADH, an enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, results in decreased ATP synthesis and a consecutive transport defect. In contrast, mutations of GATM, an enzyme in the creatine biosynthetic pathway, leave ATP synthesis unaffected but do lead to mitochondrial protein aggregates, inflammasome activation, and renal fibrosis with progressive renal failure. In this review article, the distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of these two diseases are presented, which are examples of the spectrum of proximal tubular mitochondrial diseases.

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“…Of particular interest is urine, which has the advantage of being less complex than plasma, although there are other issues to consider, such as the contamination from urine proteins or the time of collection. In fact, a recent article was published with methodological considerations from the Urine Task Force of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles for exosome analysis in urine samples [146]. A proteomic study of lung cancer patients revealed high expression of LRG1 in urinary exosomes and lung tissue, suggesting that this protein can be a potential biomarker [115].…”

Section: Exosomal Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development

Sandúa

Alegre

González

2021

Cancers

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Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and in most cases, diagnosis is reached when the tumor has already spread and prognosis is quite poor. For that reason, the research for new biomarkers that could improve early diagnosis and its management is essential. Exosomes are microvesicles actively secreted by cells, especially by tumor cells, hauling molecules that mimic molecules of the producing cells. There are multiple methods for exosome isolation and analysis, although not standardized, and cancer exosomes from biological fluids are especially difficult to study. Exosomes’ cargo proteins, RNA, and DNA participate in the communication between cells, favoring lung cancer development by delivering signals for growth, metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and even drug resistance. Exosome analysis can be useful as a type of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of lung cancer. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the role of exosomes in lung cancer and their utility as liquid biopsy, with special attention to isolating methods.

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Urinary extracellular vesicles: A position paper by the Urine Task Force of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 255 publications

References 296 publications

Direct N-Glycosylation Profiling of Urine and Prostatic Fluid Glycoproteins and Extracellular Vesicles

Direct N-Glycosylation Profiling of Urine and Prostatic Fluid Glycoproteins and Extracellular Vesicles

Distinct Mitochondrial Pathologies Caused by Mutations of the Proximal Tubular Enzymes EHHADH and GATM

Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development

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