Urinary Flow Studies in Normal Kindergarten and Schoolchildren

Abstract

The problems in the evaluation of children with suspected infravesical obstruction are shortly reviewed. Based upon literature studies it is concluded, that an isolated urinary flow measurement determining the Qmax is a suitable procedure of screening. Due to different shortcomings of earlier published normal materials, we investigated the spontaneous urination of 205 normal children aged 3 to 13 years in their normal environment. The mictiograph was installed in the toilet of two kindergartens and one school, enabling the children freely to void into the machine upon desire. From the flow curves the following parameters were calculated: Q1 sec, Qmax, Qmax time, and the micturition time, all of them being related to the square root of the voided volume. The data were non-parametrically statistically processed, and the limits of normal values (2 1/2% and 97 1/2% percentiles) are defined for different groups of age and sex. Furthermore, the different flow curve patterns are described, and it is found, that in 90% of the cases they are identical to the adult pattern.

The Studer Orthotopic Neobladder: Long-Term (More Than 10 Years) Functional Outcomes, Urodynamic Features, and Complications

“…Urodynamic analysis of patients revealed maximum bladder capacities of 484.1±119.2 mL, maximum filling pressure of 24.4±10.8 cmH 2 O, maximum flow rate of 13.6±9.7 mL/sec, and maximum urethral closure pressure of 55.6±14.2 cmH 2 O (Table 3). The flow curves were divided according to a previously described classification 10. Uroflowmetry pattern of patients were bell shaped (5 patients), fractionated shape (6 patients), and plateau (2 patients).…”

Uroflowmetry nomogram in Iranian children aged 7 to 14 years

“…The use of statistical transformation by Gierup [14] and Jensen et al [15] overcomes the problems created by inaccuracy when untransformed standard deviations were used. Churchill et al [16] created nomograms for maximum urine flow rates for boys using regression analysis to fit functions to the data.…”

Maximum and average urine flow rates in normal children‐the Miskolc nomograms

“…The use of statistical transformation byGierup [14] and Jensen et al[15] overcame problems created by inaccuracy when untransformed standard deviations were used.Churchill et al[19] created nomograms of maximum flow rate for boys using regression analysis to fit functions to the data. The use of statistical transformation byGierup [14] and Jensen et al[15] overcame problems created by inaccuracy when untransformed standard deviations were used.Churchill et al[19] created nomograms of maximum flow rate for boys using regression analysis to fit functions to the data.…”