Urinary Metabolites of 14C-Tetrachloroethylene in Mice

Yllner, Sven

doi:10.1038/191820a0

Cited by 57 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Per wird überwiegend unverändert von Ratte [21,22], Maus [23] und Mensch [19,24] abgeatmet. Nur ein sehr geringer Anteil wird metabolisiert [22�24].…”

unclassified

“…Nur ein sehr geringer Anteil wird metabolisiert [22�24]. Für den Umsatz wird folgender Weg angenommen [22,23,25]:…”

unclassified

“…Nach Tetrachloräthylenaufnahme findet sich im Harn Trichloressigsäure bei Ratte [22,[25][26][27], Maus [23,25] und Mensch [24][25][26][28][29][30][31], Trichloräthanol bei Ratte [25], Maus [25] und Mensch [25,27,30] und geringe Mengen an Oxalsäure bei Ratte [22] und Maus [23]. Nach oraler Gabe von 36 C1-Tetrachloräthylen wird bei Ratten markiertes anorganisches Chlor im Harn gefunden [22].…”

unclassified

“…Nach oraler Gabe von 36 C1-Tetrachloräthylen wird bei Ratten markiertes anorganisches Chlor im Harn gefunden [22]. Außer-dem erscheinen im Harn von Mäusen Spuren von Dichloressigsäure [23]. 0,5 % der Aktivität von inhaliertem 14 C-Tetrachloräthylen erscheinen bei Mäusen in den Faeces [23].…”

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Tetrachlorethylen H [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1974]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe , 3. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1974 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Allgemeiner Wirkungscharakter Erfahrungen beim Menschen Tierexperimentelle Befunde Inhalation Andere Applikationsarten Begründung des MAK‐Wertes

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“…Per wird überwiegend unverändert von Ratte [21,22], Maus [23] und Mensch [19,24] abgeatmet. Nur ein sehr geringer Anteil wird metabolisiert [22�24].…”

unclassified

“…Nur ein sehr geringer Anteil wird metabolisiert [22�24]. Für den Umsatz wird folgender Weg angenommen [22,23,25]:…”

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Tetrachlorethylen H [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1974]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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“…Accordingly, the metabolism and toxicity of these chemicals has been extensively studied (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). A recent report on carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene in mice (9) called attention to the toxicology of these popular solvents in relation with vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.…”

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Metabolism of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene in Human Subjects

Ikeda¹

1977

Environmental Health Perspectives

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A linear correlation exists between the trkchloroethylene concentration In the work environments and the level of total trichloro compounds in the urine of the workers, as expressed by the equation: Y = 7.25mx + 5.5, where Y is trichloroethylene in air (ppm) and X Is total trichloro compounds In urine (mg/l.). Trichloroethanol level is also linearly related to trichloroethylene concentration, while trlchloroacetic acid level deviates from the linear relation when trichloroethylene level exceeds 50 ppm.In the case of tetrachloroethylene exposure, both trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid levels, and consequently the total trichloro compound level, reach a plateau at tetrachloroethylene level well below 100 ppm.The mean urinary biological half-life is 41 hr for trichloroethylene and 144 hr for tetrachloroethylene.The two values are the largest of the values so far obtained with organic solvents. The respiratory half-life is shorter than the urinary half-life, both in trichloroethylene and in tetrachloroethylene.Applications of the urinalyses in clinical cases are described. In one case of trichloroethylene dependency, a longer urinary half-life of 73 hr was observed.An automated system is presented for the determination of total trichloro compounds in human urine. The system can analyze the samples at the rate of 20 samples per hour with an accuracy comparable to that of the time-consuming manual analysis.Trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene have been widely used in industries as solvents, particularly in degreasing of metals, plastics, and cloth (1). Accordingly, the metabolism and toxicity of these chemicals has been extensively studied (2-8). A recent report on carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene in mice (9) called attention to the toxicology of these popular solvents in relation with vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. Among the basic information requested are the applicability of urinalysis for the metabolites to detect exposure of humans to these solvents and quantitative analysis in accumulation in and excretion from bodies of those occupationally exposed to these compounds.It is the purpose of the present communication to summarize in brief the results given in our previous publications on the subjects (10-16). A quantitative relationship is reported between the vapor concentrations of the two chemicals in the workroom air and the metabolite concentrations in the urine of the workers. The urinary biological half-life of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene metabolites

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Chloroethylenes

Snedecor¹,

Hickman²,

Mertens³

2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The physical and chemical properties, manufacturing methods, uses, environmental concerns, and toxicity of 1,2‐dichloroethane are discussed. 1,2‐Dichloroethylene, also known as acetylene dichloride, dio‐form, α,β ‐dichloroethylene, and sym ‐dichloroethylene, exists in two isomers cis[156‐59‐2] and trans[156‐59‐2]. This solvent is used as an extraction solvent and as a chemical intermediate for other chlorinated solvents and compounds. The article describes the manufacturing, chemical and physical properties, storage and handling, toxicity, and its common uses. Trichloroethylene, commonly referred to as “tri”, is a widely used vapor‐degreasing solvent. In recent years its popularity has fallen mostly because of environmental restrictions on its use. Trichloroethylene has excellent solvency properties for a large number of natural and synthetic substances. This article includes physical and chemical properties, production, and use information. In addition, safety, toxicological, and environmental regulations pertinent to trichloroethylene are reviewed. Tetrachloroethylene [127‐18‐4], perchloroethylene, tetrachloroethene, commonly referred to as “perc,” is widely used in the dry‐cleaning industry as well as metal cleaning and vapor degreasing because of its excellent solvent properties. It has no flash point or flammable limits in air or oxygen. This article includes the physical and chemical properties of tetrachloroethylene, historical production within the United States, manufacturing locations and processes, as well as typical quality specifications. In addition, safety and toxicological considerations and environmental regulations pertinent to tetrachloroethylene are reviewed. The Montreal Protocol has had an impact on all of the compounds discussed in this article.

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Urinary Metabolites of 14C-Tetrachloroethylene in Mice

Cited by 57 publications

References 1 publication

Tetrachlorethylen H [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1974]

Tetrachlorethylen H [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1974]

Metabolism of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene in Human Subjects

Chloroethylenes

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