Urinary Pathogens' Resistance to Common Antibiotics: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract

The susceptibility of urinary pathogens to common antibiotics was investigated and the results analysed retrospectively using the WHONET computer program. Of 1776 urine samples (44 catheterized) processed, 510 (28.7%) urinary pathogens were isolated. Of these 510 positive cultures, 455 (89.2%) were gram-negative bacilli, 45 (8.8%) Candida species and 10 (1.9%) gram-positive cocci. Of the 44 catheterized samples, 32 (72.7%) yielded significant bacteriuria and these were mainly gram-negative bacteria (24/32). The commonest pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli (47.3%) followed by Klebsiella species (10.3%), non-fermenters other than Pseudomonas species (9%), Candida species (8.8%), Providentia species (7%), Pseudomonas species (5.6%), Citrobacter species (3.7%), Enterobacter species (3.3%) and Proteus species (2.5%). The isolation of gram-negative bacteria among inpatients and outpatients was 71.6% and 28.3%, respectively. The critical care unit, nephrourology, obstetric and gynaecology, medical and surgical wards were found to be high-risk areas constituting 58.7% of the major isolates. The highest and lowest mean resistance among gram-negative bacteria to common antibiotics was 93.5% to ampicillin and to 61% gentamicin. The mean resistance to norfloxacin, amoxy-clavulanic acid, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefazolin was 65%, 67%, 75.5%, 76% and 77.5%, respectively. The most resistant pathogen to common antibiotics was found to be Proteus species (resistance 80% and above). Overall susceptibility testing demonstrated decreased usefulness of common antibiotics and demonstrates a need for a re-evaluation of common antibiotics used in the therapy for urinary tract infection.

Pattern of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile at Chittagong Medical College Hospital

“…The isolation rate of urinary pathogens of the present study is consistent with reports of the studies published elsewhere recently. 9,15,16 Isolation rate of S. aureus, which causes UTI rarely, was 3.43% in the present study. There were a few patients with either renal calculus or hydronephrosis (not shown in the result) who could have prior catheterization or may even be suffering from bacteremic kidney infections.…”

“…This is consistent with reports from different countries who have reported an increasing resistance to Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Ceftriaxone. 9,16,17 Another study from Bangladesh reported an increased resistance of the uropathogens to Ciprofloxacin. 10 In the present study, Klebsiella species showed high susceptibility to Imipenem (100%) and Amikacin (85%) but were relatively resistant to commonly used antibiotics.…”

“…[8][9][10] Any information from similar studies was not available in the tertiary care hospital at Chittagong. Hence, this study was undertaken to find out the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urinary pathogens isolated from urine samples of suspected cases of UTIs at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH).…”

Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Blood Samples of Septicemia Patients at PRH, Loni Bk. Bk.

“…P. aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of morbidity in the general population and is the second most common cause of hospital visits. [3,4] The results are in corroboration with the one reported by other workers, [4] there is the overall resistance to various generations of cephalosporins. Among the aminoglycosides, amikacin has the highest sensitivity against P. aeruginosa.…”

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Children Aged 1 Month to 5 Years

“…Similar situations exist in other parts of India, albeit the load has not been studied in children 20,21 . Important facts emanating from the present study include (i) infants (31.8%) represent a significant group vulnerable to UTI (ii) Male gender is clearly a risk factor towards acquiring UTI in infancy similar to taneja et al 21 after which females predominant.…”