Urine metabolomic responses to aerobic and resistance training in rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress

Abstract

Background It is known that bioenergetics of aerobic and resistance exercise are not the same but both can effectively improve depression. However, it is not clear whether and how different types of exercise can influence depression through the same metabolic regulatory system. Metabolomics provides a way to study the correlation between metabolites and changes in exercise and/or diseases through the quantitative analysis of all metabolites in the organism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance training on urinary metabolites by metabolomics analysis in a rodent model of depression. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for eight weeks. The validity of the modeling was assessed by behavioral indices. After four weeks of CUMS, the rats that developed depression were randomly divided into a depression control group, an aerobic training group and a resistance training group. There was also a normal control group. From week 5, the rats in the exercise groups were trained for 30 min per day, five days per week, for four weeks. The urine samples were collected pre and post the training program, and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) spectroscopy. Results Both types of training improved depression-like behavior in CUMS rats. Compared with normal control, 21 potential biomarkers were identified in the urine of CUMS rats, mainly involved in energy, amino acids and intestinal microbial metabolic pathways. Common responses to the training were found in the two exercise groups that the levels of glutamine, acetone and creatine were significantly recalled (all P<0.05) Aerobic training also resulted in changes in pyruvate and trigonelline, while resistance training modified α-Oxoglutarate, citric acid, and trimethylamine oxide (all P<0.05).

Association Between Changes in Serum and Skeletal Muscle Metabolomics Profile With Maximum Power Output Gains in Response to Different Aerobic Training Programs: The Times Study

“…This result corroborates findings from other studies that demonstrated a reduction in pyruvate levels concomitantly with an increase in CRF after moderate to vigorous aerobic training (Henderson et al, 2004 ; LeBlanc et al, 2004 ; Huffman et al, 2014 ). The attenuated production of pyruvate at rest after training has been attributed to the improvement in the cellular energy supply (availability of free ADP and AMP, and inorganic phosphate) and decrease in the glycogenolysis rate, mediated by the decrease in the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which is responsible for decarboxylating pyruvate and supplying the citric acid cycle with Acetyl-CoA (LeBlanc et al, 2004 ; Han et al, 2020 ). Additionally, it is likely that the reduction in the amount of Acetyl-CoA supplied by pyruvate and via glycogenolysis is being offset by the amount derived from the oxidation of fatty acids (Nelson and Cox, 2013 ).…”

Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Responses to Endurance and Resistance Training in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

“…The method of modeling has been presented previously [ 21 ]. Briefly, 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 8 in each group: (1) Blank control group (C), (2) CUMS control group (D), (3) CUMS with endurance exercise group (E), and (4) CUMS with resistance exercise group (R).…”

“…It is important to explore the efficacy and understand the mechanisms of various types of exercise interventions for the prevention and treatment of depression as well as other types of health disorders. We have previously examined urine metabolomic responses to endurance and resistance training in rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) [ 21 ]. However, there has been no report to date that has examined the regulatory roles of skeletal muscle metabolites by using metabolomics in relation to the pathophysiological responses to exercise interventions for depression.…”

Effects of N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) on learning and memory impairment in depressed rats with different charge by modified electroconvulsive shock

“…According to the methods used in a previous study, the rat model of depression was established by CUMS procedure (17). For the next 28 d (Figure 1), modeling was started at 9 a.m.…”