Use of a long-duration ns pulse for efficient emission of spectral lines from the laser ablation plume in water

Sakka, Tetsuo; Oguchi, Hisayuki; Masai, Satoru; Hirata, Kohichi; Ogata, Yukio H.; Saeki, Morihisa; Ohba, Hironori

doi:10.1063/1.2172235

Cited by 96 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated among others that pulse duration can affect the LIBS signal intensity and line shape. 30,39 More experiments would be necessary in order to confirm this possible contribution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a compact high power pulsed fiber laser source for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Gravel

Doucet

Bouchard

et al. 2011

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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The aim of the present work is to evaluate the potential of a fast growing laser technology, the fiber laser, in the field of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Many compact fiber lasers are now available, which produce a high quality beam and deliver sufficient energy to generate optically interesting plasmas for analytical purposes at very high repetition rates. This technology has not been yet seriously investigated for LIBS applications. We summarize here the main specifications and analytical performances of this laser source coupled to three different spectrometers for the analysis of aluminium samples. Limits of detection in the low mg g À1 range are calculated for magnesium, copper, manganese, silicon, iron and chromium. Using a compact spectrometer, a low limit of detection of 1.1 mg g À1 is obtained for magnesium in aluminium. Ablation craters produced on aluminium are also characterized. Finally, we briefly illustrate the possibilities of the fiber laser for the LIBS analysis of another matrix, calculating limits of detection that are below 20 mg g À1 for silver, iron and nickel in copper. Fig. 1 Conceptual representation of a master oscillator power amplifier.

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a compact high power pulsed fiber laser source for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Gravel

Doucet

Bouchard

et al. 2011

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…The next major development took place when it was demonstrated that the long-pulse laser excitation technique, which uses a single-pulse of duration $150 ns (Sakka et al, 2006(Sakka et al, , 2009, can offer significant enhancements in signal quality compared to a conventional single-pulse (with pulse durations of o20 ns) for both solids immersed in water and also bulk ionic solutions (Thornton et al, 2014a). In both cases, no significant degradation in signal quality was seen for external pressures up to 30 MPa.…”

Section: Underwater Libs At High Pressurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…While the prototype I-SEA was built using commercially available lasers and spectrometers, the components of ChemiCam are almost entirely custom made. In particular, the specifications of the long-pulse laser used in the laboratory experiments (Sakka et al, 2006(Sakka et al, , 2009Thornton et al, 2013Thornton et al, , 2014a are not met by any commercially available laser and a significant investment of effort was required to develop a robust, compact long-pulse laser that can be incorporated into a field deployable LIBS instrument. While the application of a longpulse laser is seen as the key technology for the realization of deep-sea LIBS, a number of other technical issues have also been overcome and are described in the next section.…”

Section: Underwater Libs At High Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a deep-sea laser-induced breakdown spectrometer for in situ multi-element chemical analysis

Thornton

Takahashi

Sato

et al. 2015

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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a b s t r a c tSpectroscopy is emerging as a technique that can expand the envelope of modern oceanographic sensors. The selectivity of spectroscopic techniques enables a single instrument to measure multiple components of the marine environment and can form the basis for versatile tools to perform in situ geochemical analysis. We have developed a deep-sea laser-induced breakdown spectrometer (ChemiCam) and successfully deployed the instrument from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to perform in situ multi-element analysis of both seawater and mineral deposits at depths of over 1000 m. The instrument consists of a long-nanosecond duration pulse-laser, a spectrometer and a high-speed camera. Power supply, instrument control and signal telemetry are provided through a ROV tether. The instrument has two modes of operation. In the first mode, the laser is focused directly into seawater and spectroscopic measurements of seawater composition are performed. In the second mode, a fiberoptic cable assembly is used to make spectroscopic measurements of mineral deposits. In this mode the laser is fired through a 4 m long fiber-optic cable and is focused onto the target's surface using an optical head and a linear stage that can be held by a ROV manipulator. In this paper, we describe the instrument and the methods developed to process its measurements. Exemplary measurements of both seawater and mineral deposits made during deployments of the device at an active hydrothermal vent field in the Okinawa trough are presented. Through integration with platforms such as underwater vehicles, drilling systems and subsea observatories, it is hoped that this technology can contribute to more efficient scientific surveys of the deep-sea environment.

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“…for immersed solids [12]. Meanwhile, it has also been demonstrated that the use of a long-duration pulse N 100 ns can yield significant enhancements in signal quality for underwater samples [15,16]. It has further been shown that well resolved spectra can be observed for both bulk liquids [17] and submerged solids [18] at pressures of up to 30 MPa with little effect of external pressure using a long-pulse technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Calibration-free analysis of immersed brass alloys using long-ns-duration pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with and without correction for nonstoichiometric ablation

Takahashi

Thornton

Ohki³

et al. 2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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a b s t r a c t Keywords:Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) Calibration-free LIBS Liquid-phase laser ablation Quantitative analysis Long-pulse laser Long-ns-duration, single pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is known to be an effective method to observe well resolved spectra from samples immersed in water at high hydrostatic pressures. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the signals obtained using this method are suitable for quantitative analysis of chemical composition. Six certified brass alloys consisting of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) were measured underwater using a laser pulse of duration 250 ns, and their compositions were determined using calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) and corrected CF-LIBS (CCF-LIBS) methods. The mass fractions of Cu and Zn calculated using CF-LIBS showed better agreement with the certified values than those determined using CCF-LIBS, with relative errors of Cu 4.2 ± 3.3 % and Zn 7.2 ± 6.4 %. From the results, it can be said that the difference of preferential evaporation and ablation among elements does not need to be considered for underwater measurements with the long-pulse LIBS setup used in this work. While the results indicate that the CF-LIBS method can be applied for in situ quantitative analysis of major elements with concentrations N~10 %, the mass fractions determined for Pb, with concentrations b 5 % had large relative errors, suggesting that an alternative method is required to quantify minor elements.

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Use of a long-duration ns pulse for efficient emission of spectral lines from the laser ablation plume in water

Cited by 96 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of a compact high power pulsed fiber laser source for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Evaluation of a compact high power pulsed fiber laser source for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Development of a deep-sea laser-induced breakdown spectrometer for in situ multi-element chemical analysis

Calibration-free analysis of immersed brass alloys using long-ns-duration pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with and without correction for nonstoichiometric ablation

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