“…[7][8][9][10] Since 1821, thermal sensors have been extensively developed and used for a variety of industrial requirements: steel manufacturing, gas appliance safety, electrical and mechanical apparatus manufacturing, car manufacturing, power production, thermoelectric cooling, and chemical (oil, gas) processing. [11][12][13] From the middle of the 20th century, the application of these sensors gained popularity in the textiles and clothing industry; notably, these sensors have been successfully employed to evaluate the thermal protective performance (TPP) of firefighters'/industrial-workers' clothing. [14][15][16][17] Statistics shows that more than 75,000 on-duty firefighter/industrial-worker burn injuries and fatalities occur every year in the USA, and these injuries are prevalent due to the inadequate performance of their protective clothing.…”