Use of Fractal Analysis for the Discrimination of Trabecular Changes Between Individuals With Healthy Gingiva or Moderate Periodontitis

Şener, Elif; Çınarcık, Serhat; Baksı, B. Güniz

doi:10.1902/jop.2015.150004

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The average of the values of two ROIs was used to calculate the average fractal dimension for each subject, to discriminate the trabecular integrity alterations induced by periodontitis, using the box counting method described by White and Rudolph. 22,24 All image analysis was performed using ImageJ software (v.1.51j8; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). 200 ROIs were duplicated using the Gaussian filter blurred with a diameter of 35 pixels.…”

Section: Radiographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Doxycycline encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin for periodontitis: a clinical trial

et al. 2019

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This clinical trial compared the efficacy of doxycycline (DOX) in β-cyclodextrin (DOX)/βCD) with DOX-alone in gel on thirty-three subjects with periodontitis. Patients were randomized to group 1 GI; 10% DOX + scaling and root planning (SRP); group 2 (GII (10% DOX /β-CD + SRP), and group 3 (GIII; SRP). Gels were applied in GI and GII at baseline (T0) and 30 days later (T1). Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and Visible Plaque Index (VPI) were evaluated at (T0), 30 days (T1) and 60 days after T0 (T2). Bone density was analyzed after 18 months (T3). GII showed the most significant reduction of PPD (2.62 mm; p <0.003), and greatest gain in CAL (2.54 mm p <0.003) at T2. BOP and the VPI had a strong reduction in all groups at T2 (p <0.05), both decreased by ≥5 times and 2 times, respectively, in all groups at T1. Bone density increased in all groups in radiographs (T3). The use of DOX encapsulated in β-CD gel with SRP resulted in significant improvements in clinical periodontal parameters; such molecular inclusion of doxycycline into β-CD in gel for local application is relatively simple and useful in dentistry.

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Section: Radiographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Doxycycline encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin for periodontitis: a clinical trial

et al. 2019

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“…Rather, the diagnosis of peri‐implant disease is based on the collective analysis of radiographic changes in alveolar bone over time and the clinical presentation of the peri‐implant mucosa (presence or absence of inflammation‐bleeding on probing (BOP) coupled with an increased probing depth (PD)) (Rosen et al., 2013). However, two‐dimensional radiographs are subject to distortion and magnification which makes comparison of sequential films difficult (Sener, Cinarcik, & Baksi, 2015). Furthermore, a baseline radiograph of the implant may not be available from which to make such comparisons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fractal analysis is an alternative method of assessing changes in alveolar bone trabeculation patterns on radiographs, which avoids the problems associated with projection geometry (Sener et al., 2015). Fractal dimension (FD) measurements, calculated through fractal analysis, were shown to be relatively insensitive to variations in radiographic angulation, radiodensity, or radiographic machine settings, supporting its use as a diagnostic tool of nonstandardized periapical radiographs (Jolley, Majumdar, & Kapila, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of fractal analysis of implants in individuals with healthy and diseased peri‐implant mucosa

Lang

Miyamoto

Nunn

2020

Clinical Oral Implants Res

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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether fractal analysis could discriminate the peri‐implant trabecular bone between individuals with healthy peri‐implant mucosa and peri‐implant disease using digital periapical radiographs. Material and Methods The electronic health records of patients with a dental implant were reviewed to determine their eligibility. One hundred four patients (aged 27–89 years) were included and divided into three groups. Group 1) Individuals with healthy peri‐implant mucosa; Group 2) Individuals with peri‐implant mucositis; or Group 3) Individuals with peri‐implantitis. The following clinical measurements for each dental implant were extracted: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and the presence or absence of bleeding on probing (BOP). Digital periapical images of the implant were used to calculate the fractal dimension (FD) for each implant at two regions of interest (ROI). Summary statistics were calculated for mean PD, mean CAL, mean percent BOP, and mean FD by group. Differences among groups were tested using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Spearman nonparametric correlations were tabulated for mean PD, mean CAL, mean percent BOP, and mean FD. Results The only measure that did not demonstrate significant differences among groups was FD (p = .559) with all other measures demonstrating a significant difference (p < .001). Conclusions Based on this study, FD of the peri‐implant bone calculated from a periapical radiograph does not appear to be a valid method to distinguish between healthy and diseased implants, while clinical measures of PD, CAL, and BOP are useful for the diagnosis of peri‐implant health, peri‐implant mucositis, and peri‐implantitis.

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“…Fractal analysis derives from fractal geometry and is used to calculate fractal dimension (FD), which is an index of the space-filling properties of an object. FD has been used to quantitatively assess trabecular bone changes on X-ray [2][3][4][5] and it is a promising method for the early detection of bone breakdown and bone regeneration. However, to the best of authors' knowledge, there is no study testing the capability of fractal analysis for the discrimination of different pattern of trabecular bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Bone Density and Fractal Dimension: A Pilot Study

Perrotti

Iezzi

Sanctis

et al. 2020

Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems

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Fractal analysis is a mathematical method used to describe the internal architecture of complex structures, such as the bone tissue. The aim of this study was to determine whether fractal dimension (FD) is able to distinguish between different bone densities (BD), assessed histomorphometrically, and whether there is a linear dependence between the FD and BD in order to support the use of FD as a supplementary non-invasive method for BD measurement. Microscopic photographs of bone specimens stained with acid fuchsin and toluidine blue obtained during block biopsies from nine segments of bovine ribs were used. A total of 42 regions of interest (ROI) were cut off from the original photo, converted into a bitmap and binarized. The evaluation of FD was carried out using the box counting method. Comparison of FD values in the four different densities bone sites (D1-D4) was made by means of Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test. The linear dependence between the two variables (FD and BD) was investigated calculating the Pearson's r test correlation coefficient, which was considered significant when P < .05. The more the bone was compact, the higher were FD values. A strong positive correlation between BD evaluated by histomorphometry and FD (R : 0:9651), p-value < .00001 was found. The increase in the values of the FD strongly correlated with the increase of the percentage of the bone trabeculae observed in the histological slides. This pilot study demonstrates that FD might be able to distinguish different densities in bone sites and that there is a linear correlation between BD and FD on histological samples. Future studies will be addressed at evaluating whether this data can be confirmed on a larger samples size and on radiographic images. This will be useful for the early and non-invasive detection of structural changes in the trabecular bone pattern during healing, inflammatory processes and pathologies associated to bone breakdown.

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Use of Fractal Analysis for the Discrimination of Trabecular Changes Between Individuals With Healthy Gingiva or Moderate Periodontitis

Abstract: Fractal analysis can quantitatively discriminate the trabecular integrity alterations induced by periodontitis and therefore can be recommended for the diagnosis and monitoring of changes in trabecular architecture associated with periodontitis.

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Doxycycline encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin for periodontitis: a clinical trial

Doxycycline encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin for periodontitis: a clinical trial

Validity of fractal analysis of implants in individuals with healthy and diseased peri‐implant mucosa

Correlation Between Bone Density and Fractal Dimension: A Pilot Study

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