Use of hybrids in viticulture. A challenge for the OIV

Lloreda, Mario de la Fuente

doi:10.20870/oeno-one.2018.52.3.2312

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Furthermore, the OIV has been developing and discussing some project resolutions regarding this subject. This plant material is considered to be particularly resistant to fungal diseases and severe climate conditions [228]. Thus, the use of resistant hybrids can be a possible option and a challenge for the wine sector, in terms of perception of producers and consumers and regulation adaptations [227].…”

Section: Varietal/clonal and Rootstock Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Potential Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options for European Viticulture

et al. 2020

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Viticulture and winemaking are important socioeconomic sectors in many European regions. Climate plays a vital role in the terroir of a given wine region, as it strongly controls canopy microclimate, vine growth, vine physiology, yield, and berry composition, which together determine wine attributes and typicity. New challenges are, however, predicted to arise from climate change, as grapevine cultivation is deeply dependent on weather and climate conditions. Changes in viticultural suitability over the last decades, for viticulture in general or the use of specific varieties, have already been reported for many wine regions. Despite spatially heterogeneous impacts, climate change is anticipated to exacerbate these recent trends on suitability for wine production. These shifts may reshape the geographical distribution of wine regions, while wine typicity may also be threatened in most cases. Changing climates will thereby urge for the implementation of timely, suitable, and cost-effective adaptation strategies, which should also be thoroughly planned and tuned to local conditions for an effective risk reduction. Although the potential of the different adaptation options is not yet fully investigated, deserving further research activities, their adoption will be of utmost relevance to maintain the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of the highly valued viticulture and winemaking sector in Europe.

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Section: Varietal/clonal and Rootstock Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Potential Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options for European Viticulture

et al. 2020

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“…When compared to the overall average Cu concentration of 16.85 mg kg −1 in soils, vineyards have the highest mean soil Cu concentration (49.26 mg kg −1 ) of all land categories, followed by olive groves and orchards [7, 8]. Cultivation of disease resistant varieties is certainly one of the most ecological solutions to reduce pesticides and, due to tremendous efforts of international public breeding programmes, a large choice of disease-resistant grape cultivars is nowadays available to growers [9–12]. However, the organoleptic quality is still often inferior to the one of traditional cultivars, making them less attractive to consumers and thus producers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oregano essential oil vapour prevents Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine (Vitis Vinifera) and primes plant immunity mechanisms

et al. 2019

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The reduction of synthetic fungicides in agriculture is necessary to guarantee a sustainable production that protects the environment and consumers’ health. Downy mildew caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola is the major pathogen in viticulture worldwide and responsible for up to 60% of pesticide treatments. Alternatives to reduce fungicides are thus utterly needed to ensure sustainable vineyard-ecosystems, consumer health and public acceptance. Essential oils (EOs) are amongst the most promising natural plant protection alternatives and have shown their antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties on several agricultural crops. However, the efficiency of EOs highly depends on timing, application method and the molecular interactions between the host, the pathogen and EO. Despite proven EO efficiency, the underlying processes are still not understood and remain a black box. The objectives of the present study were: a) to evaluate whether a continuous fumigation of a particular EO can control downy mildew in order to circumvent the drawbacks of direct application, b) to decipher molecular mechanisms that could be triggered in the host and the pathogen by EO application and c) to try to differentiate whether essential oils directly repress the oomycete or act as plant resistance primers. To achieve this a custom-made climatic chamber was constructed that enabled a continuous fumigation of potted vines with different EOs during long-term experiments. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv Chasselas was chosen in reason of its high susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. Grapevine cuttings were infected with P. viticola and subsequently exposed to continuous fumigation of different EOs at different concentrations, during 2 application time spans (24 hours and 10 days). Experiments were stopped when infection symptoms were clearly observed on the leaves of the control plants. Plant physiology (photosynthesis and growth rate parameters) were recorded and leaves were sampled at different time points for subsequent RNA extraction and transcriptomics analysis. Strikingly, the Oregano vulgare EO vapour treatment during 24h post-infection proved to be sufficient to reduce downy mildew development by 95%. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of 24h and 10d treatments and used for whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq). Sequenced reads were then mapped onto the V. vinifera and P. viticola genomes. Less than 1% of reads could be mapped onto the P. viticola genome from treated samples, whereas up to 30% reads from the controls mapped onto the P. viticola genome, thereby confirming the visual observation of P. viticola absence in the treated plants. On average, 80% of reads could be mapped onto the V. vinifera genome for differential expression analysis, which yielded 4800 modulated genes. Transcriptomic data clearly showed that the treatment triggered the plant’s innate immune system with genes involved in salicylic, jasmonic acid and ethylene synthesis and signaling, activating Pathogenesis-Related-proteins as wel...

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“…In an attempt to deal with Vitis vinifera susceptibility to cryptogamic diseases, crossing with certain American and Asian species has been conducted to transfer their resistance genes into the Vitis vinifera genetic background [4]. The idea was to create new hybrid grape varieties combining durable resistance to downy and powdery mildews with a berry quality suitable for the production of high quality wines [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Resistant Bouquet Vine Varieties: Assessment of the Phenolic, Aromatic, and Sensory Potential of Their Wines

et al. 2019

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The search for grape varieties resistant to diseases and to climatic changes notably concerns the wine industry. Nine monovarietal wines from new red grape varieties resistant to cryptogamic diseases (downy and powdery mildews) were evaluated in terms of their total phenolic, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin contents, anthocyanin profile, volatile composition, and sensory attributes. Thus, the question remains, will these hybrid grapes (≥97.5% of Vitis vinifera genome) lead to wines with organoleptic properties similar to those of Vitis vinifera wines that consumers are used to? Total phenolic (1547–3418 mg GA/L), anthocyanin (186–561 mg malvidin/L), and proanthocyanidin (1.4–4.5 g tannins/L) contents were in broad agreement with those previously described in the literature for monovarietal wines produced with well-known red grape varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah). With regard to fruity aroma, ethyl esters of straight-chain fatty acids (530–929 μg/L) stood out clearly as the major volatile components for all hybrid wines considered. Sensory analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) for visual aspect, aroma, flavor, global balance, astringency, and body. Overall, these new hybrid grape varieties are not only resistant to cryptogamic diseases, but also present enough potential to become quality wines, since their phenolic and volatile attributes are close to those of common red monovarietal wines.

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Use of hybrids in viticulture. A challenge for the OIV

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

A Review of the Potential Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options for European Viticulture

A Review of the Potential Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options for European Viticulture

Oregano essential oil vapour prevents Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine (Vitis Vinifera) and primes plant immunity mechanisms

Disease Resistant Bouquet Vine Varieties: Assessment of the Phenolic, Aromatic, and Sensory Potential of Their Wines

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