Use of microcapsules as controlled release devices for coatings

Trojer, Markus Andersson; Nordstierna, Lars; Bergek, Jonatan; Blanck, Hans; Holmberg, Krister; Nydén, Magnus

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2014.06.003

Cited by 87 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…As a result, the three main manufacturers of bituminous membranes in Switzerland no longer use product B2 and they have revised their formulations in order to obtain the same leaching characteristics as HE. Another way to reduce the leaching of biocides from building materials is the encapsulation of biocides in polymer microspheres (Andersson et al 2015;Nordstierna et al 2010) or in the silica of the material (Edge et al 2001), which slows down their release. Similarly, Wangler et al (2012) showed that adding a top coating (paint) without biocide limits emissions and still protects the façade.…”

Section: Reduction Of Biocide Releases From Buildings During Rain Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocide emissions from building materials during wet weather: identification of substances, mechanism of release and transfer to the aquatic environment

Paijens

Bressy

Frère

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Biocides are added to or applied on building materials to prevent microorganisms from growing on their surface or to treat them. They are leached into building runoff and contribute to diffuse contamination of receiving waters. This review aimed at summarizing the current state of knowledge concerning the impact of biocides from buildings on the aquatic environment. The objectives were (i) to assess the key parameters influencing the leaching of biocides and to quantify their emission from buildings; (ii) to determine the different pathways from urban sources into receiving waters; and (iii) to assess the associated environmental risk. Based on consumption data and leaching studies, a list of substances to monitor in receiving water was established. Literature review of their concentrations in the urban water cycle showed evidences of contamination and risk for aquatic life, which should put them into consideration for inclusion to European or international monitoring programs. However, some biocide concentration data in urban and receiving waters is still missing to fully assess their environmental risk, especially for isothiazolinones, iodopropynyl carbamate, zinc pyrithione and quaternary ammonium compounds, and little is known about their transformation products. Although some models supported by actual data were developed to extrapolate emissions on larger scales (watershed or city scales), they are not sufficient to prioritize the pathways of biocides from urban sources into receiving waters during both dry and wet weathers. Our review highlights the need to reduce emissions and limit their transfer into rivers, and reports several solutions to address these issues.

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Section: Reduction Of Biocide Releases From Buildings During Rain Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocide emissions from building materials during wet weather: identification of substances, mechanism of release and transfer to the aquatic environment

Paijens

Bressy

Frère

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Currently, to reduce the biological colonization on outdoor surfaces, the biocides are applied directly on the stone surface or added into coating formulations [9][10]. These methods, however, have several important drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and ATR FT-IR investigations of innovative silica nanocontainers loaded with a biocide for stone conservation treatments

Ruggiero

Sodo

Guidi

et al. 2020

Microchemical Journal

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“…The accumulation of aquatic organisms in water-immersed surfaces is an age-old undesirable phenomenon with severe environmental and economic impacts especially to the shipping industry, as for example an increase in fuel consumption and in maintenance expenditures, as well as reduction of the overall active time of the ship. Antifouling paints are commonly utilized among other technologies to discourage or prevent the growth of fouling organisms [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The chemically active antifouling coatings usually contain inorganic components (e.g., Cu 2 O) and organic biocides, such as heterocyclic amines, aromatic halides and carbamates [ 5 ], which broaden the antifouling range of the coating by complementing the antifouling properties of the primary inorganic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The encapsulation of biocides in suitable polymeric micro- and nanocarriers is a challenging and promising practice to restrict the aforementioned leachability issue [ 3 , 9 , 10 ]: the carrier acts as an intercepting barrier to biocide diffusion enabling controlled release within the coating matrix. In parallel, unstable and prone to degradation compounds are protected from their environment via encapsulation [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of Antifouling Organic Biocides in Poly(lactic acid) Nanoparticles

Kamtsikakis

Kavetsou²,

Chronaki

et al. 2017

Bioengineering

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The scope of the current research was to assess the feasibility of encapsulating three commercial antifouling compounds, Irgarol 1051, Econea and Zinc pyrithione, in biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles. The emulsification–solvent evaporation technique was herein utilized to manufacture nanoparticles with a biocide:polymer ratio of 40%. The loaded nanoparticles were analyzed for their size and size distribution, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and thermal properties, while the relevant physicochemical characteristics were correlated to biocide–polymer system. In addition, the encapsulation process was scaled up and the prepared nanoparticles were dispersed in a water-based antifouling paint in order to examine the viability of incorporating nanoparticles in such coatings. Metallic specimens were coated with the nanoparticles-containing paint and examined regarding surface morphology.

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Use of microcapsules as controlled release devices for coatings

Cited by 87 publications

References 124 publications

Biocide emissions from building materials during wet weather: identification of substances, mechanism of release and transfer to the aquatic environment

Biocide emissions from building materials during wet weather: identification of substances, mechanism of release and transfer to the aquatic environment

Raman and ATR FT-IR investigations of innovative silica nanocontainers loaded with a biocide for stone conservation treatments

Encapsulation of Antifouling Organic Biocides in Poly(lactic acid) Nanoparticles

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