Using a Smart City IoT to Incentivise and Target Shifts in Mobility Behaviour—Is It a Piece of Pie?

Abstract

Whilst there is an increasing capability to instrument smart cities using fixed and mobile sensors to produce the big data to better understand and manage transportation use, there still exists a wide gap between the sustainability goals of smart cities, e.g., to promote less private car use at peak times, with respect to their ability to more dynamically support individualised shifts in multi-modal transportation use to help achieve such goals. We describe the development of the tripzoom system developed as part of the SUNSET—SUstainable social Network SErvices for Transport—project to research and develop a mobile and fixed traffic sensor system to help facilitate individual mobility shifts. Its main novelty was its ability to use mobile sensors to classify common multiple urban transportation modes, to generate information-rich individual and group mobility profiles and to couple this with the use of a targeted incentivised marketplace to gamify travel. This helps to promote mobility shifts towards achieving sustainability goals. This system was trialled in three European country cities operated as Living Labs over six months. Our main findings were that we were able to accomplish a level of behavioural shifts in travel behaviour. Hence, we have provided a proof-of-concept system that uses positive incentives to change individual travel behaviour.

Integrated Sensor Systems for Smart Cities

“…According to the IoT concept, sensor nodes should be energy efficient and wirelessly connected to form a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). This would be a way to avoid the high costs and problems that arise from installation of the network cables [4,5,11,14,15,17,22,23].…”

“…As smart cities prevail with an increasing capability to be instrumented with a diverse range of mobile and fixed sensors, connected via wireless and wired networks, these in turn enable a richer set of smart city Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services. Such services include adaptive personalized maps, adaptive vehicle navigation, smart fleet management and traffic monitoring, road incident detection, congestion avoidance, speed control via smart interaction with roadside controls, contextbased vehicle maintenance, car parking aids, human driver monitoring and better driving safety [23].…”

Coworking, fab labs et living labs

“…2013), de lutte contre l'obsolescence programmée (Moriset, 2011 ;Vidal, 2015). Ils peuvent aussi répondre aux souhaits de la plupart des travailleurs, quel que soit leur âge, en offrant une amélioration de leur qualité de vie au travail et hors travail (Foth et al 2016 ;Jebli et Tremblay, 2016 a, b ;Poslad et al, 2015 ;Tremblay, 2016). Ces lieux peuvent aussi contribuer à la relance de l'activité professionnelle des personnes, tout en améliorant leurs conditions de vie (Lafontaine et al, 2013).…”

Crowdsensing-based transportation services — An analysis from business model and sustainability viewpoints

“…Moreover, user opinions and actions can be used to complement sensing data in crowdsensing easier than with a fixed infrastructure. There are already examples of applying crowdsourcing and -sensing in traffic and transportation (Misra, Gooze, Watkins, Asad, & Le Dantec, 2014;Poslad, Ma, Wang, & Mei, 2015).…”

“…The service might provide just the aggregated big picture of the phenomenon or complement it with a personalised service based on only the user provided data (Poslad et al, 2015). The users see the aggregated and analysed the data as beneficial, and as an incentive to pay for access to it by contributing their own data (Jaimes et al, 2015).…”