Using Discrete Multiphysics Modelling to Assess the Effect of Calcification on Hemodynamic and Mechanical Deformation of Aortic Valve

Abstract

This study proposes a 3D particle-based (discrete) multiphysics approach for modelling calcification in the aortic valve. Different stages of calcification (from mild to severe) were simulated, and their effects on the cardiac output were assessed. The cardiac flow rate decreases with the level of calcification. In particular, there is a critical level of calcification below which the flow rate decreases dramatically. Mechanical stress on the membrane is also calculated. The results show that, as calcification progresses, spots of high mechanical stress appear. Firstly, they concentrate in the regions connecting two leaflets; when severe calcification is reached, then they extend to the area at the basis of the valve.

Modelling Particle Agglomeration on through Elastic Valves under Flow

“…It links together different discrete models such as Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) [16], Lattice Spring Model (LSM) [17,18], Discrete Element Method (DEM) [19], and Peridynamics [20], which can be used for a range of applications ranging from biological to energy application [21][22][23][24]. In particular, DMP was previously used to simulate the flow in cardiovascular [25] and venous valves [11], including the presence of emboli in the blood flow circulation [18].…”

Fluid-Structure Interaction in Coronary Stents: a Discrete Multiphysics Approach

“…Elastic objects can be simulated using lattice spring models. As already discussed in [23], the main element of this model composed of mass point and linear spring which exerts forces at the nodes connected by a linear spring and placed on a lattice Any material point of the body can be referred to by its position vector = ( , , ) [40]; when the body undergo deformation its position changes and the displacement is related to the applied force as:…”

“…In this work, we propose a Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) model that calculates the stress on the stent produced by the pulsatile flow around the stent; both the stent mechanics and the blood hydrodynamics are calculated at the same time. The model is based on Discrete Multiphysics (DMP) [20], which has been used in a variety of FSI problems in biological systems such as the intestine [21], aortic valve [22,23], the lungs [22], deep venous valves [24,25]. In this study, therefore, we use DMP to develop a FSI 3D coronary stent model coupled with the blood hydrodynamics and analyse the mechanical deformations produced by the flow hydrodynamic.…”

Numerical Simulations of Red-Blood Cells in Fluid Flow: A Discrete Multiphysics Study

“…Therefore, we present a methodological study of modelling RBCs in shear-induced flows based on using what we call the discrete multiphysics (DMP) approach [37][38][39]. DMP is an alternative approach from traditional multiphysics by combining particle-based methods, e.g., the SPH for solving fluid flow and the MSM for capturing the elastic deformation of flexible solid materials, and it has been particularly successful in modelling biological systems [40][41][42]. The SPH method is a Lagrangian particle-based technique, which was developed for astrophysical studies [43,44].…”