Using of Taraxacum officinale (L.) pollens for the urban park bioindication

Abstract

Palinoindication of 6 parks of the urban ecosystem of Kiev using Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. population, was carried out. There is a general trend towards an increase in the amount of nonviable pollen with an increase in anthropogenic load. In the example of T. officinale, this is manifested in a gradual increase to 27% of non-viable pollen on the pollution gradient. With the deterioration of the ecological situation in the studied test polygons, an increase in the number of teratomorphic pollen grains up to 41.10% in Babin Yar tract was recorded. According to the level of palynotoxic action (PE, %), only 2 gradations were revealed in the parks under study: initial and effective. The sublethal effect (highly toxic) has not been established, since the level of pollen sterility in our studies did not exceed 45,2%. The largest number of pollen grains with developmental pathologies (teratomorphic) – 41.10% – was recorded in the Babin Yar tract, the state of which, according to the anthropogenic load index (Jal), is characterized as poor. At the same time, the percentage of teratomorphic pollen grains in T. officinale plants in more favorable environmental conditions (control) does not exceed 16.50%. For the bioindication assessment of the park ecosystems state in the megalopolis, the most indicative were the index of sterility, palynotoxic effect and the content of teratomorphic pollen grains, which increases with the gradient of anthropogenic load.

Bioindication of megalopolis park ecosystems under aerotechnogenic loading

“…We also observed similar processes. We studied the correlations between the parameters of pollen indication in Kyiv (Mazura et al 2020), but now, it is found that compared to studies in 2013 (Kudryavska and Dychko 2013), there has been a deterioration of the environmental situation in the integrated indicator of CID by 19.3% for 7 years. We have shown that there is a process of nitrification in PEs with excess nitrogen from the emissions of vehicles through phytoindication (Miroshnyk 2020).…”

“…In Europe, North America and China, tree species, herbaceous, including Taraxacum officinale Web., are used as indicators of the state of urban environ-ment (Leghari et al 2018;Martines 2018;Zajecka and Świercz 2021). In studies of the impact of air pollutants and heavy metals on the environment, various plant indicators are used, in particular, palynoindication (Cuinica et al 2014(Cuinica et al , 2015Ivanchenko and Bessonova 2016;Leghari et al 2018;Petrushkevych and Korshykov 2020;Mazura et al 2020;Bessonova and Sklyarenko 2020), life status of plantations (Nock et al 2013;Vieira et al 2018;Rybakova and Glazunov 2020;Vacek et al 2020;Jaung et al 2020), the level of defoliation of the crown (Vacek et al 2020;Miroshnyk 2018), leaf damage (chlorosis-necrosis) (Miroshnyk 2018; Pietras-Couffignal and Robakowski 2019), changes in anatomy, content and ratio of photosynthetic pigments (Ivanchenko and Bessonova 2016;Suskalo 2018), enzymes (Suskalo 2018) and other physiological processes. The correlation between the concentrations of NO x , SO 2 and the number of passing cars and defoliation of trees (Vacek et al 2020) have been established.…”

“…An increase in the impact of motor transport with the approach from rural areas to large cities has been identified (Monok et al 2020;Ferreira et al 2016). Impact of soil pollution by heavy metals on vegetation in parks have been associate with the number of cars on the roads (Kijewska et al 2016;Khan et al 2016;Ali et al 2017;Gąsiorek et al 2017;Mazura et al 2020). Air pollutants in the concentration from 1 maximum allowable concentration (MAC) and above cause necrosis on the leaves, reduce the linear growth of shoots, reduce the age of needles in conifers, shorten the life of trees (Nikolaevsky 1998;Polyakova and Gutnikov 2000;Vieira et al 2018;Rybakova and Glazunov 2020) and destroy the pigment complex of plants (Ivanchenko and Bessonova 2016;Mazura et al 2020;Pietras-Couffignal and Robakowski 2019).…”

“…Due to the effect of climate decontinentalisation in the 20th century on the territory of Ukraine, in particular, significant warming in the summer months (July-August) has been proved, and over the last 45 years, there has been a significant decrease in precipitation by ~15% in April-May and July (Boychenko et al 2017). Bioindication studies in the anthropogenic load gradient of Kyiv were performed (Rabosh and Kofanova 2019;Miroshnyk 2018;Mazura et al 2020). Because greenery is important for maintaining air quality and microclimate in cities (Jaung et al 2020;Jin et al 2021;Wei et al 2021), it is important and necessary to comprehensively study the viability of park ecosystems (PEs) under anthropogenic pressure.…”

Gradient of anthropogenic load on park ecosystems of megalopolis

“…Запропоновано систему показників для експресдіагностики стану зелених насаджень у межах мегаполісу 10 . Проведено паліноіндикацію паркових екосистем (ПЕ) Києва та екологічне зонування території з урахуванням ролі збережених природних екосистем [11,12].…”