“…All three dimensions had high negative superiority gaps, but the IC dimension had the largest negative gap and the LP dimension had the lowest negative gap. These results were not surprising and are in line with the existing literature (Lippincott and Kyrillidou 2004;Arshad 2009;Jankowska, Hertel and Young 2006;Kayongo and Jones 2008;Kemp 2002;Lock and Town 2005;Ahmed and Shoeb 2009;Moon 2007;Hitchingham and Kenney 2002;Peterson et al 2004;Cook et al 2008) that highlighted that users' desired expectations were not met. The other possible reasons may be lack of resources (e.g., material, IT infrastructure, easy access, and modern equipment); poor skills, knowledge, and attitude of library staff; non-availability of Web-based services; training of users and staff in information retrieval; and imbalanced, outdated, and inadequate collections.…”