Using UV Photography to Reduce Use of Tanning Booths: A Test of Cognitive Mediation.

Gibbons, Frederick X.; Gerrard, Meg; Lane, David; Mahler, Heike I. M.; Kulik, James A.

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.358

Cited by 208 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The findings to date are quite promising. For example, Gibbons et al (2005) found that Iowa college students who were randomly assigned to view their UV photo reported engaging in less tanning booth use during the following month than those who did not see their UV photo. Mahler et al (2006) also demonstrated that southern California beach patrons who saw their UV facial photo and received information about photoaging (wrinkles and age spots due to UV exposure) engaged in more sun protection behaviors during the subsequent two summer months than did controls.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several recent studies have demonstrated the promise of appearance-based interventions, which attempt to motivate sun protection behaviors by highlighting the link between sun exposure and appearance detractors such as wrinkles, age spots, and uneven pigmentation. (Jones & Leary, 1994;Gibbons, Gerrard, Lane, Mahler, & Kulik, 2005;Mahler, Fitzpatrick, Parker, & Lapin, 1997;Mahler, Kulik, Gibbons, Gerrard, & Harrell, 2003;Mahler, Kulik, Harrel, Correa, Gibbons & Gerrard, 2005). Relative to a healthbased message, messages that emphasize negative appearance consequences may better counteract the primary (appearance-based) motivation for sun exposure, namely getting a tan.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention

Mahler

Kulik

Butler

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

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108

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This experiment examined whether the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention could be enhanced by the addition of social norms information. Southern California college students (N=125, predominantly female) were randomly assigned to either an appearance-based sun protection intervention-that consisted of a photograph depicting underlying sun damage to their skin (UV photo) and information about photoaging or to a control condition. Those assigned to the intervention were further randomized to receive information about what one should do to prevent photoaging (injunctive norms information), information about the number of their peers who currently use regular sun protection (descriptive norms information), both injunctive and descriptive norms information, or neither type of norms information. The results demonstrated that those who received the UV Photo/photoaging information intervention expressed greater sun protection intentions and subsequently reported greater sun protection behaviors than did controls. Further, the addition of both injunctive and descriptive norms information increased self-reported sun protection behaviors during the subsequent month. KeywordsUSA; skin cancer; sun protection; normative information; photoaging; UV photos Globally, the incidence of all types of skin cancers has increased over the past several decades. Between 2-3 million non-melanoma and approximately 132,000 melanoma skin cancers are diagnosed each year (World Health Organization,

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention

Mahler

Kulik

Butler

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

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108

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“…Interventions to reduce indoor tanning exposure have emphasized prevention or reduction of usage with cessation as an implicit goal [17][18][19][20][21], but little is known about the process by which individuals work towards indoor tanning reduction or cessation, including motivations, facilitators, and barriers to achieving cessation of indoor tanning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quitting the “Cancer Tube”: a qualitative examination of the process of indoor tanning cessation

Banerjee

Hay

Geller

et al. 2014

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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This study examined health belief model (HBM) relevant constructs in the context of indoor tanning cessation. Telephone interviews were conducted between December 2011 and April 2012 with participants drawn from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) population, specifically, former tanning bed users (N=14, all females; mean age, 25.65 years) who reported frequent use in 2007, but had quit by 2010. Participants identified important motivations for quitting including health and financial reasons and the central role of family and friends in providing encouragement for indoor tanning cessation. However, participants also noted substantial barriers to maintaining indoor tanning quitting (e.g., social pressures to look good, tanning salon incentives). Participants' experience of withdrawal highlighted psychological factors more often than physical factors; some were open to resuming use in the future. The findings will be useful in intervention development to encourage cessation, the strengthening of policies to regulate the indoor tanning industry, as well as public health messaging to raise awareness of this prevalent, easily accessible cancer risk behavior. KeywordsHealth belief model, Indoor tanning, Tanning cessation, Tanning quitting, Qualitative research Indoor tanning is a strong risk factor for melanoma [2]. In 2009, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group (IARC) classified ultraviolet (UV)-emitting tanning devices (tanning beds, lamps, and booths) as carcinogenic to humans [3]. Results from recent meta-analysis that included 27 observational studies published within the past 30 years, showed that the risk of cutaneous melanoma was increased by 20 % for ever users of indoor tanning devices with artificial ultraviolet light, and the risk of melanoma was doubled when use started before the age of 35 years [2]. Besides melanoma, indoor tanners are at high risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma) [4], premature aging including loss of skin firmness, solar elastosis, and wrinkles [5, 6], skin burns [7], and eye damage [8,9]. Therefore, even though perceptions that indoor tanning is a safe way to tan are prevalent and predict use [10], there is strong evidence that indoor tanning carries important risks.Despite the health risks associated with indoor tanning, it is a common practice, particularly among Whites, women, and adults aged 18-25 years. Approximately 30 % of white women aged 18-25 report use of indoor tanning facilities in the past 12 months [11]. Increased use has been reported among white women aged 18-21 years (referring to non-Hispanic white women who tanned in the past 12 months), with an average of 27.6 sessions per year. As well, over half (58 %) of white female indoor tanning users, and 40 %

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“…For example, Gibbons and Mahler et al describe a reduction in college students' intention to tan, tanning behavior, and measured skin tan (using a calorimeter) when UV photography was employed. [8,13,16] Most other research has identified that highlighting the connection between UV exposure and its effect on photoaging has given other (often younger) populations another reason to protect themselves from the sun. [10-14, 16, 17] Taken as a whole, these findings suggest that a personalized, interactive approach, with emphasis on high-risk populations, may be an efficacious and valuable approach to skin cancer prevention and awareness in high risk groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8,9] Recent studies have employed UV photography as a personalized, image-based tool that allows for patient interaction and discussion of potential sun exposure risks and counseling regarding sun-protection promotion. [8,[10][11][12][13] A previous study demonstrated that the UV-photography intervention has a greater impact on individuals at higher risk for melanoma. [1,12,14] The immediate results from the UV camera reveal the structural bodily damage characteristic of poor sun protection behavior and may offer a particularly promising approach as the outcomes are often immediately comprehensible to the participant as well as concerning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of ultraviolet photography on the sun safety awareness and behavior of skiers and snowboarders

Lynn

Jones

Whitsitt

et al. 2015

JER

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Objective: Snow sport enthusiasts, such as snowboarders and skiers, are a less studied population at significant risk for ultraviolet (UV) exposure due to long hours spent at high altitudes with more intense UV radiation. Studies have documented the efficacy of UV photography to impact sun protection habits by individuals with a range of skin cancer risk factors. Informing snow sport enthusiasts of their sun damage through UV photography may be a way to change this population's perception and behavior of sun protection. Methods: A UV camera was utilized at the 2013 SnowSports Industries America Snow Show in Colorado to assess the level of accumulated sun damage in show attendees. A follow-up survey was performed at this same event one year later in 2014. Participants at the 2013 event were recruited to a UV camera booth and completed a ten-question pre-survey assessing baseline sun-safety awareness and behaviors. Full-face frontal photographs using two different UV camera models were then taken and shown on a digital screen to the participants. Individualized education was provided regarding the degree of sun damage revealed by the intervention as well as sun safety recommendations. Participants were at the 2013 event were then contacted via email six months later to complete a ten-question survey on surveymonkey.com. The survey assessed the permanence of the UV photography intervention on sun habits over the duration of the ski/snowboard season. Email was used for communication purposes after a poor response rate using telephone for a one-month post-intervention follow-up. Results: The 2013 post-intervention study revealed a 41% response rate (n=46) with overall positive influence of UV photography on sun protection behavior in the survey. Post-intervention survey results for the 2014 study with an observed response rate of 28% (n=37) with a similar overall positive influence of our intervention on sun protection behavior. Conclusions: UV photography-based interventions and education may impact sun-safety behavior in high-risk populations such as skiers and snowboarders that may otherwise not receive appropriate education regarding the dangers of UV exposure

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Using UV Photography to Reduce Use of Tanning Booths: A Test of Cognitive Mediation.

Cited by 208 publications

References 21 publications

Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention

Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention

Quitting the “Cancer Tube”: a qualitative examination of the process of indoor tanning cessation

The impact of ultraviolet photography on the sun safety awareness and behavior of skiers and snowboarders

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