Utilization of a Novel Low-Cost Gibto (Lupinus Albus) Seed Peel Waste for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption characteristics of malachite green (MG) dye onto the raw (RLAPW) and activated (ALAPW) surface of Lupinus albus seed peel waste prepared via physicochemical activation under alkaline condition as a dye adsorbent. Proximate analysis, surface area (Sears’ method), point of zero charge (pHzpc), and FTIR analysis were used to characterize the adsorbents. The effects of operational parameters such as pH (4) for ALAPW and pH (6) for RLAPW, adsorbent dose (0.2 g), initial dye concentration (30 mg/L), contact time (60 min), and temperature (298 K) were optimized. The experimental data well fitted with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with the adsorption capacity of 7.3 mg/g for activated Lupinus albus seed peel waste (ALAPW) and Sips isotherm for raw Lupinus albus seed peel waste (RLAPW) with the adsorption capacity of 6.6 mg/g. The kinetics data well fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both adsorbents. Thermodynamic study revealed that the bioadsorption process using bioadsorbents was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Desorption experiment was conducted and showed desorption efficiency at an acidic pH of 2. The results showed that the prepared adsorbents exhibited good adsorption capacity and can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of malachite green dyes.

Synthesis of a green magnetic biopolymer derived from oak fruit hull tannin for the efficient and simultaneous adsorption of a mixture of Malachite Green and Sunset Yellow dyes from aqueous solutions

“…19,49 In this study, pH 6.5 was considered the optimal pH, which is almost equal to that of the natural aqueous dye solutions. 50 Also, the results presented in Fig. 6b show that, by increasing the amount of the adsorbent, the percentage removal of both dyes increases, which is due to the increase in the empty sites with the increasing amount of adsorbent.…”

Malachite Green Removal by Activated Potassium Hydroxide Clove Leaf Agrowaste Biosorbent: Characterization, Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies

“…Desorption and Regeneration. Extreme desorption efficiency and excellent reusability after sorption are required for a sorbent; hence, the desorption studies are essential to describe the nature of sorption and evaluate the spent sorbent and dye recycling [60]. The desorption and regeneration processes of the spent biosorbent using 0.1 M of NaOH and HCl are shown in Figure 12.…”

A dual-functional sulfone biscompound containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety for decolorization and disinfection of contaminated water

“…Recently, the amount of wastewater has increased due to the population growth, industrial development, and increased agricultural and urbanization activities. The discharge of wastewater to the aquatic environment introduces various chemicals such as dyes and pigments, metals, organics, pharmaceuticals, and pathogenic microorganisms which deteriorate the water quality and threaten the life on Earth (Alene et al 2021 ; Igwegbe et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ). Among these pollutants, synthetic dyes attracted the researchers’ interest because of their application in various industries, high visibility, resistance to biodegradation, reduction of the photosynthesis process, toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and allergenic effect (Alene et al 2021 ; Güler et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Sartape et al 2017 ; Shojaei et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ).…”

“…The discharge of wastewater to the aquatic environment introduces various chemicals such as dyes and pigments, metals, organics, pharmaceuticals, and pathogenic microorganisms which deteriorate the water quality and threaten the life on Earth (Alene et al 2021 ; Igwegbe et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ). Among these pollutants, synthetic dyes attracted the researchers’ interest because of their application in various industries, high visibility, resistance to biodegradation, reduction of the photosynthesis process, toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and allergenic effect (Alene et al 2021 ; Güler et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Sartape et al 2017 ; Shojaei et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ). Malachite green (MG) is one of the synthetic dyes that is widely used in aquaculture, textile, leather, paper, and food industries (Alene et al 2021 ; Bekçi et al 2008 ; Lin et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Shojaei et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ).…”

“…Among these pollutants, synthetic dyes attracted the researchers’ interest because of their application in various industries, high visibility, resistance to biodegradation, reduction of the photosynthesis process, toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and allergenic effect (Alene et al 2021 ; Güler et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Sartape et al 2017 ; Shojaei et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ). Malachite green (MG) is one of the synthetic dyes that is widely used in aquaculture, textile, leather, paper, and food industries (Alene et al 2021 ; Bekçi et al 2008 ; Lin et al 2021 ; Rubio-Clemente et al 2021 ; Shojaei et al 2021 ; Tohidi et al 2021 ). It is a low-cost and easily available basic (cationic) N-methylated diamino triphenyl methane dye (Figure S1 ).…”