Utilization of intravenously administered N-acetyl-l-glutamine in humans

Magnusson, Inger; Kihlberg, Reinhold; Alvestrand, Anders; Wernerman, Jan; Ekman, L.; Wahren, John

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(89)90148-0

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among the organs studied, only kidney cleared acetylglutamine to a measurable extent. This was confirmed in healthy humans because continuous infusion of acetylglutamine [87], acetyltyrosine or acetylcysteine [88J resulted in an accumulation of the respective solute in plasma whereas plasma levels of the respective free amino acids were only slightly increased (Fig. 5).…”

Section: N-acetylated Amino Acidssupporting

confidence: 62%

New Nitrogen-Containing Substrates in Artificial Nutrition

Fürst

Kuhn

Stehle

2002

From Nutrition Support to Pharmacologic Nutrition in the ICU

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: N-acetylated Amino Acidssupporting

confidence: 62%

New Nitrogen-Containing Substrates in Artificial Nutrition

Fürst

Kuhn

Stehle

2002

From Nutrition Support to Pharmacologic Nutrition in the ICU

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Among the organs studied, only the kidney cleared acetylglutamine to a measurable extent. This was confirmed in healthy humans because continuous infusion of acetylglutamine (Magnusson et al 1989a), acetyltyrosine or acetylcysteine (Magnusson et al 1989b) resulted in an accumulation of the respective compound in plasma in which levels of the corresponding free amino acids were not, or only slightly, increased (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Alternative Nitrogen-containing Substratessupporting

confidence: 55%

“…(Modified from Magnusson et al 1989a and1989b). etc. A principal question is whether OKG is a true precursor for glutamine.…”

Section: Alternative Nitrogen-containing Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Developments in Glutamine Delivery

Fürst

2001

The Journal of Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous studies demonstrate that free glutamine can be added to commercially available crystalline amino acid-based preparations before their administration. Instability during heat sterilization and prolonged storage and limited solubility (35 g/L at 20°C) hamper the use of free glutamine in the routine clinical setting. Indeed, there are many well-controlled and valuable trials with free glutamine, yet its use is restricted to clinical research. The obvious limitations of using free glutamine initiated an intensive search for alternative substrates. Synthetic glutamine dipeptides are stable under heat sterilization and highly soluble; these properties qualify the dipeptides as suitable constituents of nutritional preparations. Industrial production of these dipeptides at a reasonable price is an essential prerequisite for implications of dipeptide-containing solutions in clinical practice. Recent development of novel synthesis procedures allows increased capacity in industrial-scale production. Basic studies with synthetic glutamine-containing short-chain peptides provide convincing evidence that these new substrates are cleared rapidly from plasma after parenteral administration, without being accumulated in tissues and with negligible loss in urine. The presence of membrane-bound as well as tissue-free extracellular hydrolase activity facilitates a prompt and quantitative peptide hydrolysis, the liberated amino acids being available for protein synthesis and/or generation of energy. In the clinical setting, glutamine dipeptide nutrition beneficially influences outcome (nitrogen balance, immunity, gut integrity, hospital stay, morbidity and mortality). The provision of conditionally indispensable glutamine should be considered a necessary replacement of a deficiency rather than a supplementation. The beneficial effects observed with glutamine dipeptide nutrition should be seen simply as a correction of disadvantages produced by the inadequacy of conventional clinical nutrition. The availability of stable dipeptide preparations certainly facilitates, for the first time, adequate amino acid nutrition of critically ill, malnourished or stressed patients in the routine clinical setting and, thus, represents a new dimension in artificial nutrition.

show abstract

“…The most interesting finding of the present study was that the preventive effect of NAQ, especially when referring to histologic and immunologic parameters related to the mucosal damage induced by PEM, was even better than that observed for an isomolar amount of free glutamine. NAQ has previously been evaluated for inclusion in parenteral feeding solutions, but because a significant proportion of the parenterally administered NAQ appeared in urine [32,33]. this was deemed an inefficient glutamine source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Acetyl-l-Glutamine, A Liquid-Stable Source of Glutamine, Partially Prevents Changes in Body Weight and on Intestinal Immunity Induced by Protein Energy Malnutrition in Pigs

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of free glutamine versus N-acetyl-L-glutamine, a liquid-stable source of glutamine, on gut damage induced by protein energy malnutrition in pigs. Healthy pigs (n = 6) were fed a liquid formula for 30 days. Three subgroups of malnourished pigs (n = 6) received daily 20% of the food intake recorded in control group, supplemented with calcium caseinate, glutamine, or N-acetyl-L-glutamine. Body weight was recorded, and small intestinal samples were evaluated for biochemical and immunologic parameters. Suppression in body weight gain was significantly lower in pigs fed with N-acetyl-L-glutamine than in the rest of malnourished pigs. Total number of lymphocytes, CD21+ B cells and CD4+ T cells in ileal Peyer patches were not significantly different in malnourished pigs fed with N-acetyl-L-glutamine and in healthy pigs. In conclusion, N-acetyl-L-glutamine has a moderate protective effect, partially preventing changes induced by protein energy malnutrition.

show abstract

Utilization of intravenously administered N-acetyl-l-glutamine in humans

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

New Nitrogen-Containing Substrates in Artificial Nutrition

New Nitrogen-Containing Substrates in Artificial Nutrition

New Developments in Glutamine Delivery

N-Acetyl-l-Glutamine, A Liquid-Stable Source of Glutamine, Partially Prevents Changes in Body Weight and on Intestinal Immunity Induced by Protein Energy Malnutrition in Pigs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About