Utilization of struvite recovered from high-strength ammonium-containing simulated wastewater as slow-release fertilizer and fire-retardant barrier

Yetilmezsoy, Kaan; Koçak, Emel; Akbin, Havva Melda; Özçimen, Didem

doi:10.1080/09593330.2018.1491642

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Soil calcium (Ca 2+ ) and magnesium (Mg 2+ ) were measured titrimetrically, K + was determined by flame photometry, sulfate (SO 4 2− ) by spectrophotometric and turbidimetric methods, NO 3 − and phosphate (PO 4 3− ) by colorimetry with an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer 11 . Available micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) and heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb) were extracted with a solution containing 0.005 mol L −1 diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA), 0.01 mol L −1 calcium chloride, and 0.1 mol L −1 (pH 7.3) triethanolamine (TEA), as well as, boron (B) concentration was determined based on hot water method 26,31 . The concentration of micronutrients were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (Model Varian Spectra-220).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Experimental Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1.5 mL of H 2 SO 4 (1 M) was added slowly down the side of the tube. The tubes were incubated for 30 min at room temperature (20 °C) 11 , 26 . The absorbances was determined at 490 nm using distilled water as blank in a UV–Vis spectrophotometer 26 , 33 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urea is most popular conventional fertilizers in agriculture which is partially absorbed by plants. This results in reduce N usage efficiency for crops and environmental pollution 26 . In recent years, slow release fertilizer has been developed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Improving growth properties and phytochemical compounds of Echinacea purpurea (L.) medicinal plant using novel nitrogen slow release fertilizer under greenhouse conditions

Ahmadi

Samadi

Rahimi

2020

Sci Rep

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Medicinal plant production is most important than other agricultural plants due to their phytochemical compounds effects on human health. Paying attention to plant nutrition requirement is so important. In order to assess the effect of nitrate (NO 3 −) dosage supplies from two types of fertilizers on growth and phytochemical properties of Echinacea purpurea rhizomata cum radicibus, an experiment with completely simple design was carried out under greenhouse conditions. two types of fertilizers (new invented nitrogen (N) slow release fertilizer and urea chemical fertilizer) at three dosages (50, 100, and 150 mM) were applied. Plant growth parameters and total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), polysaccarides content, essential oil content, caffeic acid derivatives, and anti-radical scavenging activities of E. purpurea were assessed. The results showed the significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences among treatments, both in growth and phytochemical properties. Using of n slow release, especially in 150 mM dosage, significantly increased all the plant growth and phytochemical properties. The dried E. purpurea rhizomata cum radicibus contained more caftaric acid (max 12.56 mg g −1 DW) and chicoric acid (max 7.56 mg g −1 DW) than other derivatives. Despite the impact of heavy metals on yield and growth of E. purpurea, the concentration of all heavy metals and micronutrients (boron (B), cadmium (cd), copper (cu), iron (fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (ni), lead (pb), and zinc (Zn)) in studied soil and fertilizer samples was less than United States environmental protection Agency (USepA) limits of contamination. Based on the results, using of n slow release fertilizers can improve phytochemical properties of the plant due to its polymeric structure and can be a suitable substitution of chemical fertilizers, especially in medicinal plants growth. Many of researchers are pay attention to herbal and medicinal plants as natural remedies due to their bioactive compounds recently 1,2. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is one of the most important medical plants of Asteraceae family with various pharmacological effects 3. The major three species of Echinacea are known as Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, and Echinacea pallida. E. purpurea is native to much of the United States and its morphological properties are also known as purple coneflower with orange and cone-shaped flowering head that change to purple, rose, or white petals during June to September 4. It has a narrow leaves and three feet height stem with dark, thick and pungent rhizomata cum radicibus 5. In the environment, E. purpurea grows randomically along water canals with low densities for affective harvest for commercial purposes 6. Comparing of other Echinacea species, E. purpurea is the most able species to adjust to new conditions. It is resistance to heat or cold weather conditions, easy to grow, and flaunt high efficiency 7,8. Numerous scientific

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Section: Materials and Methods Experimental Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving growth properties and phytochemical compounds of Echinacea purpurea (L.) medicinal plant using novel nitrogen slow release fertilizer under greenhouse conditions

Ahmadi

Samadi

Rahimi

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Recent studies have been conducted to develop possible alternatives that are consistent with the current green principles. Thorough studies have been conducted on biomolecules, including starches, proteins, chitosans, and struvites because of their accessibility and renewability [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Owing to their chemical composition and structures, these biomolecules exhibit superior FR features when applied to wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Phytic Acid–Silica System in Wood for Highly Efficient Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression

et al. 2021

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The intrinsic flammability of wood restricts its application in various fields. In this study, we constructed a phytic acid (PA)–silica hybrid system in wood by a vacuum-pressure impregnation process to improve its flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The system was derived from a simple mixture of PA and silica sol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated an incorporation of the PA molecules into the silica network. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that the system greatly enhanced the char yield of wood from 1.5% to 32.1% (in air) and the thermal degradation rates were decreased. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PA/silica-nanosol-treated wood was 47.3%. Cone calorimetry test (CCT) was conducted, which revealed large reductions in the heat release rate and smoke production rate. The appearance of the second heat release peak was delayed, indicating the enhanced thermal stability of the char residue. The mechanism underlying flame retardancy was analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), FTIR, and TG-FTIR. The improved flame retardancy and smoke-suppression property of the wood are mainly attributed to the formation of an intact and coherent char residue with crosslinked structures, which can protect against the transfer of heat and mass (flammable gases, smoke) during burning. Moreover, the hybrid system did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of wood, such as compressive strength and hardness. This approach can be extended to fabricate other phosphorus and silicon materials for enhancing the fire safety of wood.

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“…Struvite is an eco-friendly material that can be gained from wastewater and used as a plant fertilizer. Although Struvite has been demonstrated as a promising fire retardant for wood, 27 its effect on wood mechanical properties (stiffness and strength) is unknown. A reliable structural material, which can be standardized, is essential for construction purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Struvite Mineralized Wood as Sustainable Building Material: Mechanical and Combustion Behavior

Guo

Özparpucu

Windeisen‐Holzhauser

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A more extensive use of wood can reduce the environmental and climatic impact of the building industry. However, flammability limits the application of wood in multi-story and high rise timber buildings. Struvite mineralization has been shown to be a green solution for fire-resistant timber, but the influence of struvite minerals on the mechanical and gluing properties of wood as well as the combustion behavior have not been studied yet. In this work, we investigate the mechanical properties of mineralized wood by compression, bending, and tension tests as well as the gluing properties by tensile shear tests. Evolved gas analysis using GC/MSD system is applied to determine the thermal decomposition behavior of the mineralized wood, and Double shot analysis reveals volatile components of mineralized wood during the thermal decomposition process. The results show that the struvite mineralization treatment is a bulk modification technique that improves the fire resistance of wood. The mineralization can significantly influence the thermal decomposition behavior of wood, which results in an enhanced char formation. This char layer is a fire barrier that slows down the heat and oxygen penetration. The heat penetration rate of wood panels fabricated with mineralized wood is 0.6 mm/min during the cone calorimeter test, which is half of that of the wood panels fabricated with native wood. Transverse strength and stiffness under compression were improved, whereas mechanical loading in the longitudinal direction revealed similar or slightly decreased strength and stiffness. The mineralization had a minor impact on the gluing properties of solid wood. Wood mineralization by struvite may enable the more extensive use of wood in the construction sector as a substitute to less eco-friendly building materials.

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Utilization of struvite recovered from high-strength ammonium-containing simulated wastewater as slow-release fertilizer and fire-retardant barrier

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Improving growth properties and phytochemical compounds of Echinacea purpurea (L.) medicinal plant using novel nitrogen slow release fertilizer under greenhouse conditions

Improving growth properties and phytochemical compounds of Echinacea purpurea (L.) medicinal plant using novel nitrogen slow release fertilizer under greenhouse conditions

Construction of a Phytic Acid–Silica System in Wood for Highly Efficient Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression

Struvite Mineralized Wood as Sustainable Building Material: Mechanical and Combustion Behavior

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