Utilization of waste coconut shells in the reduction roasting of overburden from iron ore mines

Nayak, Deepak; Dash, Nilima; Ray, Nigamananda; Rath, Swagat S.

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2019.05.053

Cited by 42 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Figure 3 reflects SEM images before and after dehydration of iron ores. From Figure 3a, the goethite is abundant in the original ore sample, as evidenced by the needle-shaped bulges [25,26] and colloform texture with cavities of goethite [8], as indicated by the yellow circle lines. The needle and colloform surfaces appear smooth, with no scratches or grooves, implying that the combined water and gangues are distributed throughout the goethite samples.…”

Section: Effect Of Dehydration Process On Iron Ore Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing agents required in the iron ore reduction process can be met by biomass's when thermally decomposed into carbon, CO, and H 2 . This is shown in several reduction studies using charcoal from sawdust, nutshell, and waste biomass [5] and raw biomass, such as pine sawdust [6,7], coconut shell waste [8], and corn straw [9]. The use of biomass in iron ore reduction provides a good interaction between iron ore and biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Reduction Reactivity of Low Grade Iron Ore-Biomass Pellets for a Sustainable Ironmaking Process

et al. 2021

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Currently, fossil fuels are still the primary fuel source and reducing agent in the steel industries. The utilization of fossil fuels is strongly associated with CO2 emissions. Therefore, an alternative solution for green steel production is highly recommended, with the use of biomass as a source of fuel and a reducing agent. Biomass’s growth consumes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which may be stored for variable amounts of time (carbon dioxide removal, or CDR). The pellets used in this study were prepared from a mixture of low-grade iron ore and palm kernel shells (PKS). The reducing reactivity of the pellets was investigated by combining thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and laboratory experiments. In the TGA, the heating changes stably from room temperature to 950 °C with 5–15 °C/min heating rate. The laboratory experiments’ temperature and heating rate variations were 600–900 °C and 10–20 °C/min, respectively. Additionally, the reduction mechanism was observed based on the X-ray diffraction analysis of the pellets and the composition of the reduced gas. The study results show that increasing the heating rate will enhance the reduction reactivity comprehensively and shorten the reduction time. The phase change of Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe increases sharply starting at 800 °C. The XRD intensities of Fe compounds at a heating rate of 20 °C/min are higher than at 10 °C/min. Analysis of the reduced gas exhibits that carbon gasification begins to enlarge at a temperature of 800 °C, thereby increasing the rate of iron ore reduction. The combination of several analyses carried out shows that the reduction reaction of the mixture iron ore-PKS pellets runs optimally at a heating rate of 20 °C/min. In this heating rate, the reduced gas contains much higher CO than at the heating rate of 10 °C/min at temperatures above 800 °C, which encourages a more significant reduction rate. In addition, the same reduction degree can be achieved in a shorter time and at a lower temperature for a heating rate of 20 °C/min compared to 10 °C/min.

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Section: Effect Of Dehydration Process On Iron Ore Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reduction Reactivity of Low Grade Iron Ore-Biomass Pellets for a Sustainable Ironmaking Process

et al. 2021

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“…The calculated density of red ochre comes out to be 2.55 g/cm 3 . The thermal conductivity is calculated on the principle of Fourier's equation, which is expressed mathematically in equation 2K ¼ QL AdT (2) where K is thermal conductivity in W/mK, Q is the amount of heat transferring through material measured in W; A is area of the contact surface measured in m 2 , dT is the difference in temperature measured in Kelvin. Thermal diffusivity is the measure of how fast a material can absorb heat from its surrounding.…”

Section: Characterization Of Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Most of the wastes in mineral tailings are left exposed and unattended, which cautions for potential harm in times. 2 The presence of reactive sulfide minerals such as pyrite in mine waste accelerates the surface and groundwater population. 3 Ochre is one of the significant wastes generated from iron ore. Haematite leads in the generation of this waste, followed by magnetite, limonite, and siderite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations on red ochre for application in welding consumable development

Khan

Chhibber

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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This paper investigates the thermophysical, physicochemical, and surface properties of mineral waste red ochre, assessing suitability for application in welding consumable development. Red ochre is an anhydrous iron oxide derived from tailings of iron ore haematite. High iron and silica concentration makes it suitable for various engineering applications. Iron in the electrode coatings is known to increase arc stability, bead smoothness, and also it enhances slag detachability along with smoothening bead profile. The red ochre has been characterized for the properties of weight loss, density, specific heat, enthalpy, thermal conductivity, and diffusivity. Structural analysis of red ochre powder has been done using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) surface area analysis has been done to estimate the surface properties, which include pore radius and specific surface area. The shielded metal arc welding electrodes have been developed by adding red ochre in a fixed proportion, and produced welds have been examined for visual defects, microstructure, and microhardness.

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“…Studies on green low-carbon reductants for magnetization roasting have attracted significant interest over the last few years. A variety of green and renewable reductants, including straw, waste coconuts, horse manure, biomass briquettes, and green hydrogen, have been demonstrated as renewable reductants for magnetization roasting [14,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. In addition, it has been reported that siderite can be used as a reductant for the magnetization roasting of hematite, which can effectively reduce CO 2 emissions by decreasing the consumption of carbon reductants [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidization Roasting Technology of Jingtieshan Iron Ore in the Absence of Carbon Additives

et al. 2022

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This study presents a fluidization roasting technology for siderite-bearing iron ore without the use of carbon additives. Samples of Jingtieshan iron ore were subjected to fluidization magnetization roasting, and the effects of roasting temperature, time, and N2 flow rate on the magnetic separation performance were explored. An iron concentrate with an iron grade of 57.40% and recovery of 91.17% was acquired at a roasting temperature of 700 °C, roasting time of 10.0 min, an N2 flow rate of 600 mL/min, grinding particle size of −125 μm, and constant magnetic intensity of 99.47 kA/m. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The results revealed that hematite and goethite were reduced to magnetite by the CO generated during siderite decomposition; meanwhile, siderite was transformed into magnetite with the consumption of CO during the reduction process. The saturation magnetization of the roasted ore significantly increased owing to the formation of ferrimagnetic magnetite, which was easily recovered in the subsequent magnetic separation.

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Utilization of waste coconut shells in the reduction roasting of overburden from iron ore mines

Cited by 42 publications

References 27 publications

Reduction Reactivity of Low Grade Iron Ore-Biomass Pellets for a Sustainable Ironmaking Process

Reduction Reactivity of Low Grade Iron Ore-Biomass Pellets for a Sustainable Ironmaking Process

Experimental investigations on red ochre for application in welding consumable development

Fluidization Roasting Technology of Jingtieshan Iron Ore in the Absence of Carbon Additives

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