Utilizing Opportunistic Social Networks for Remote Patient Monitoring in Rural Areas

Max-Onakpoya, Esther; Madamori, Shina; Baker, Corey E.

doi:10.1145/3364544.3364831

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Only a few academic OEC solutions use Bluetooth 5. For example, in [ 26 ] the authors simulate an architecture for healthcare applications that is able to collect data opportunistically from patients through Bluetooth 5. The presented simulation results show that the proposed model is feasible and can provide timely and reliable communication.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is difficult to determine how much faster the developed system is in comparison to the systems analyzed in Section 2 , since most of them have not performed latency tests. Specifically, among the analyzed works, only the authors of [ 26 ] show results related to latency experiments. In such a paper, Bluetooth 5 is included as communications technology, but the obtained latencies are not empirical (they come from simulations) and the simulation scenario differs significantly from the one evaluated in this paper (the scenarios proposed in [ 26 ] are related to a remote health monitoring application for rural areas).…”

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, among the analyzed works, only the authors of [ 26 ] show results related to latency experiments. In such a paper, Bluetooth 5 is included as communications technology, but the obtained latencies are not empirical (they come from simulations) and the simulation scenario differs significantly from the one evaluated in this paper (the scenarios proposed in [ 26 ] are related to a remote health monitoring application for rural areas). Considering such differences, the results presented in [ 26 ] show latencies between 4 and 17 h to achieve a message delivery rate of a minimum of 38.7%.…”

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such a paper, Bluetooth 5 is included as communications technology, but the obtained latencies are not empirical (they come from simulations) and the simulation scenario differs significantly from the one evaluated in this paper (the scenarios proposed in [ 26 ] are related to a remote health monitoring application for rural areas). Considering such differences, the results presented in [ 26 ] show latencies between 4 and 17 h to achieve a message delivery rate of a minimum of 38.7%. Therefore, such results are much higher than the end-to-end latencies obtained in this article, which are between 0.93 s and 2.11 s, but for an indoor short-distance scenario.…”

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Practical Latency Analysis of a Bluetooth 5 Decentralized IoT Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Low-Cost SBCs

Niebla-Montero

Froiz-Míguez

Fraga‐Lamas

et al. 2022

Sensors

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IoT devices can be deployed almost anywhere, but they usually need to be connected to other IoT devices, either through the Internet or local area networks. For such communications, many IoT devices make use of wireless communications, whose coverage is key: if no coverage is available, an IoT device becomes isolated. This can happen both indoors (e.g., large buildings, industrial warehouses) or outdoors (e.g., rural areas, cities). To tackle such an issue, opportunistic networks can be useful, since they use gateways to provide services to IoT devices when they are in range (i.e., IoT devices take the opportunity of having a nearby gateway to exchange data or to use a computing service). Moreover, opportunistic networks can provide Edge Computing capabilities, thus creating Opportunistic Edge Computing (OEC) systems, which deploy smart gateways able to perform certain tasks faster than a remote Cloud. This article presents a novel decentralized OEC system based on Bluetooth 5 IoT nodes whose latency is evaluated to determine the feasibility of using it in practical applications. The obtained results indicate that, for the selected scenario, the average end-to-end latency is relatively low (736 ms), but it is impacted by factors such as the location of the bootstrap node, the smart gateway hardware or the use of high-security mechanisms.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Practical Latency Analysis of a Bluetooth 5 Decentralized IoT Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Low-Cost SBCs

Niebla-Montero

Froiz-Míguez

Fraga‐Lamas

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Next, benchmark algorithms are briefly described. DirectDeliveryRouter [16] works based on straight delivery between the sender and the receiver node. Thus, intermediate elements are ignored.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Opportunisticmentioning

confidence: 99%

OPPNets and Rural Areas: An Opportunistic Solution for Remote Communications

Jesús-Azabal

Herrera

Laso

et al. 2021

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Many rural areas along Spain do not have access to the Internet. Despite the huge spread of technology that has taken place during recent years, some rural districts and isolated villages have a lack of proper communication infrastructures. Moreover, these areas and the connected regions are notably experiencing a technological gap. As a consequence of this, the implementation of technological health solutions becomes impracticable in these zones where demographic conditions are especially particular. Thus, inhabitants over 65 suppose a large portion of such population, and many elderly people live alone at their homes. These circumstances also impact on local businesses which are widely related to the agricultural and livestock industry. Taking into account this situation, this paper proposes a solution based on an opportunistic network algorithm which enables the deployment of technological communication solutions for both elderly healthcare and livestock industrial activities in rural areas. This way, two applications are proposed: a presence detection platform for elderly people who live alone and an analytic performance measurement system for livestock. The algorithm is evaluated considering several simulations under multiple conditions, comparing the delivery probability, latency, and overhead outcomes with other well-known opportunistic routing algorithms. As a result, the proposed solution quadruples the delivery probability of Prophet, which presents the best results among the benchmark solutions and greatly reduces the overhead regarding other solutions such as Epidemic or Prophet. This way, the proposed approach provides a reliable mechanism for the data transmission in these scenarios.

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Augmenting Cloud Connectivity with Opportunistic Networks for Rural Remote Patient Monitoring

Max-Onakpoya

Madamori

Grant

et al. 2020

2020 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)

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Current remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems are fully reliant on the Internet. However, complete reliance on Internet connectivity is impractical in low resource and remote environments where modern infrastructure is often lacking, power outages are frequent, and/or network connectivity is sparse (e.g. rural communities, mountainous regions of Appalachia, American Indian reservations, developing countries, and natural disaster situations). This paper proposes supplementing intermittent Internet with opportunistic communication to leverage the social behaviors of patients, caregivers, and society members to facilitate out-of-range monitoring of patients via Bluetooth 5 during intermittent network connectivity. The architecture is evaluated using U.S. Census Bureau, the National Cancer Institute's, and IPUMS ATUS sample data for Owingsville, KY, and is compared against a delay tolerant RPM case that is completely disconnected from the Internet. The findings show that with only 0.30 rural population participation, the architecture can deliver 0.94 of non-emergency medical information with at least half of the information having a latency of ∼5 hours. In addition, the paper provides insights on how supplemented networks can be used in real-world rural RPM (RRPM) systems for different domain applications.

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Utilizing Opportunistic Social Networks for Remote Patient Monitoring in Rural Areas

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Practical Latency Analysis of a Bluetooth 5 Decentralized IoT Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Low-Cost SBCs

Practical Latency Analysis of a Bluetooth 5 Decentralized IoT Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Low-Cost SBCs

OPPNets and Rural Areas: An Opportunistic Solution for Remote Communications

Augmenting Cloud Connectivity with Opportunistic Networks for Rural Remote Patient Monitoring

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