UTIs in Small Animal Patients: Part 2: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications

Smee, Nicole; Loyd, Kimberly; Grauer, Gregory F.

doi:10.5326/jaaha-ms-5944

Cited by 35 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These findings suggest that all dogs diagnosed with TCC undergoing chemotherapy should have a culture performed before starting treatment and cultures should be repeated regularly throughout treatment. Undiagnosed and untreated UTI can lead to renal failure, pyelonephritis, lower urinary tract dysfunction, septiciemia, prostatitis, discospondylitis, or anemia and can, themselves, be life‐limiting 9, 10, 11, 15…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria were identified using conventional microbiological techniques including colony morphology, hemolysis pattern, Gram stain, tubed media, spot tests, and bacterial identification strips 217 Criteria for positive culture for each collection method were based on standard published information 10, 11. Cultures were considered positive if they yielded ≥1000 colony forming units/mL in a cystocentesis, surgically obtained, or prostatic aspirate sample; ≥10,000 colony forming units/mL in a catheterized sample; and, ≥100,000 colony forming units/mL for a voided sample or a sample with unknown collection method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary tract infections (UTI) may occur when the healthy host defense of the bladder is altered. TCC may cause a failure of host barriers as a result of abnormal patterns of voiding, decreased mucosal defenses caused by changes in the uroepithelium, and by decreased antibacterial properties caused by alterations of urine pH or host defense peptides, thereby predisposing to UTI 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Previously, published studies have shown that underlying illness contributing to immunosuppression is a risk factor for development of persistent or recurrent infections, suggesting that patients with cancer, those receiving chemotherapy or both may be at higher risk of UTI 10, 13, 14.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TCC may cause a failure of host barriers as a result of abnormal patterns of voiding, decreased mucosal defenses caused by changes in the uroepithelium, and by decreased antibacterial properties caused by alterations of urine pH or host defense peptides, thereby predisposing to UTI 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Previously, published studies have shown that underlying illness contributing to immunosuppression is a risk factor for development of persistent or recurrent infections, suggesting that patients with cancer, those receiving chemotherapy or both may be at higher risk of UTI 10, 13, 14. Possible sequelae to untreated bacterial UTI include renal failure, pyelonephritis, lower urinary tract dysfunction, septicemia, prostatitis, discospondylitis, or anemia 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections Associated with Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Dogs

Budreckis

Byrne

Pollard

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTI) are believed to be common in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), but incidence and contributing factors have not been reported.ObjectivesTo determine the frequency and bacterial agents associated with UTI in dogs with TCC and define contributing factors.AnimalsEighty‐five dogs with a history of urogenital TCC undergoing treatment with chemotherapy that had at least 1 urine culture performed.MethodsMedical records and culture results were retrospectively reviewed and ultrasound images were reviewed when available. Clinical factors were evaluated statistically for association with positive culture.ResultsFifty‐five percent (47/85) of dogs had at least 1 positive culture during the course of treatment. Female dogs (80%, 40/50) were more likely than male dogs (29%, 10/35) to have at least 1 positive culture. Ultrasound examination determined that female dogs were more likely to have urethral (74%, 31/42) or trigonal tumor involvement (71%, 30/42) compared to male dogs (32%, 9/28 and 43%, 12/28, respectively). The most commonly isolated organisms were Staphylococcus spp. (23.9%, 29/121) and Escherichia coli (19.8%, 24/121). Dogs with urethral involvement of TCC were significantly more likely to have at least 1 positive culture than dogs without urethral involvement (75%, 30/40 versus 30%, 9/30).Conclusions Urinary tract infection is common in dogs with TCC highlighting the importance of regular monitoring for bacterial cystitis in dogs with TCC. In addition, clinical factors such as tumor location and sex may be predictive of positive culture and can help clinicians assess the risk of UTI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections Associated with Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Dogs

Budreckis

Byrne

Pollard

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The most common organism isolated from canine urine is E coli, which accounts for a third to a half of all isolates. 4 Gram-positive cocci (ie, Staphylococcus spp and Streptococcus spp) are the second most common organisms, with less common organisms including Proteus spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Mycoplasma spp. 13 In most circumstances, a single species is responsible for UTI.…”

Section: Figure 2-bacterial Concentrations In Individual Utt-storedmentioning

confidence: 99%