UV-C inactivation of microorganisms in a highly opaque model fluid using a pilot scale ultra-thin film annular reactor: Validation of delivered dose

Pilot scale study on UV-C inactivation of bacterial endospores and virus particles in whole milk: evaluation of system efficiency and product quality

“…Biodosimetry study was conducted using B. cereus endospores to quantify delivered UV fluence. The D 10 value of B. cereus endospore was quantified using a standard collimated beam system as 8.91 ± 0.07 mJ/cm 2 , it was within the range as reported in the literature (Gopisetty et al, 2018; Pendyala et al, 2019, 2020, 2021). WM was inoculated with B. cereus (10 7 cfu/mL) and it was passed through the UV systemlight at flow-rates of 0.75 L/min.…”

“…Lower E EO value demonstrates the higher efficiency of the system. Since each microorganism has specific UV sensitivity (D 10 value), E EO value significantly varies with geometric parameters, design of reactor, processing conditions and nature of fluid under testing (Pendyala et al, 2021, Vashisht et al, 2021). E EO value of B. cereus was evaluated for each flow rate (Table 4), where it was observed to be decreasing with the increased flow rate attributed to uniform distribution of fluence because of increased turbulence and Dean effect resulted in increased inactivation kinetics.…”

“…Where Reynolds numbers (R e ) was evaluated as: where ρ denotes the fluid density, μ denotes the dynamic viscosity, V is the fluid velocity, and D denotes the diameter of the tube. The R e of < 2100 represents laminar flow pattern, R e between 2100-4000 shows transient flow conditions, and R e of > 4000 means turbulent flow conditions (Bandla et al, 2012; Pendyala et al, 2021; Vashisht et al, 2021). The residence time (RT) was 64, 32 and 16 seconds for 0.75 L/min.…”

“…This term is commonly used to assess electrical energy efficiency (Ward et al, 2019). E EO value depends upon the nature of fluid under processing and the geometry of the reactor (Pendyala et al, 2021). Evaluation was done by using the equation given by Ward et al (2019).…”

Predicted UV-C Sensitivity of Human and Non-human Vertebrate (+) ssRNA Viruses

“…It is well known that the disinfection level of microorganisms by UV-C light depends on their UV susceptibility, defined as D90 or D10 (dose for 90% inactivation or 10% survival) expressed as J/m2 or mJ/cm2 (Patras et al, 2020). UV-C sensitivity of a wide range of microorganisms has been reported, including vegetative and spore forms of bacteria, yeast, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses (Malayeri et al, 2016;Gopisetty et al, 2019;Pendyala et al, 2019Pendyala et al, , 2020aPendyala et al, , 2021. However, the UV-C sensitivity data for many (> 80 %) human and animal pathogenic viruses is not available due to the prerequisite for biosafety level (BSL)-3 containment and the need for specifically trained skilled labor and cultivation limitations in the laboratory environment (Pendyala et al, 2020b).…”