UV laser direct writing of 2D/3D structures using photo-curable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

Obata, Kotaro; Slobin, Shayna; Schonewille, Adam; Hohnholz, Arndt; Unger, Claudia; Koch, Jürgen; Suttmann, Oliver; Overmeyer, Ludger

doi:10.1007/s00339-017-1104-1

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Polymers used in 3DLL can be considered rigid, unless special elastomer-based materials are applied 39,40 . However, downsizing 3D features and applying special geometries can yield deformable 3D printed structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stitchless support-free 3D printing of free-form micromechanical structures with feature size on-demand

Jonušauskas

Baravykas

Andrijec

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Femtosecond laser based 3D nanolithography is a powerful tool for fabricating various functional micro- and nano-objects. In this work we present several advances needed to push it from the laboratory level use to the industrial production lines. First, linear stage and galvo-scanners synchronization is employed to produce stitch-free mm-sized structures. Furthermore, it is shown that by varying objective numerical apertures (NA) from 1.4 NA to 0.45 NA, voxel size can be tuned in the range from sub μm to tens of mm, resulting in structuring rates between 1809 μm3/s and 313312 μm3/s at 1 cm/s translation velocity achieved via simultaneous movement of linear stages and scanners. Discovered voxel/throughput scaling peculiarities show good agreement to ones acquired with numerical modeling. Furthermore, support-free 3D printing of complex structures is demonstrated. It is achieved by choosing pre-polymer that is in hard gel form during laser writing and acts as a dissolvable support during manufacturing. All of this is combined to fabricate micromechanical structures. First, 1:40 aspect ratio cantilever and 1.5 mm diameter single-helix spring capable of sustaining extreme deformations for prolonged movement times (up to 10000 deformation cycles) are shown. Then, free-movable highly articulated intertwined micromechanical spider and squids (overall size up to 10 mm) are printed and their movement is tested. The presented results are discussed in the broader sense, touching on the stitching/throughput dilemma and comparing it to the standard microstereolithography. It is shown where multiphoton polymerization can outpace standard stereolithography in terms of throughput while still maintaining superior resolution and higher degree of freedom in terms of printable geometries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stitchless support-free 3D printing of free-form micromechanical structures with feature size on-demand

Jonušauskas

Baravykas

Andrijec

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…This is a hot topic in the development of novel photopolymers by functionalizing a non-photopolymerizable polymer with specific photopolymerizable functional groups. In previous studies, various soft photopolymers have been printed with vat photopolymerization, including elastic resins, [74][75][76] silicone elastomers, [77][78][79] and hydrogels. [80][81][82] Similar to SLS, the multimaterial ability of vat photopolymerization is poor, but the main limitation is the composites instead of printing multiple materials.…”

Section: Vat Photopolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of 3D Printing Technologies for Soft Polymer Materials

Zhou

2020

Adv Funct Materials

503

311

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Soft polymer materials, which are similar to human tissues, have played critical roles in modern interdisciplinary research. Compared with conventional methods, 3D printing allows rapid prototyping and mass customization and is ideal for processing soft polymer materials. However, 3D printing of soft polymer materials is still in the early stages of development and is facing many challenges including limited printable materials, low printing resolution and speed, and poor functionalities. The present review aims to summarize the ideas to address these challenges. It focuses on three points: 1) how to develop printable materials and make unprintable materials printable, 2) how to choose suitable methods and improve printing resolution, and 3) how to directly construct functional structures/systems with 3D printing. After a brief introduction on this topic, the mainstream 3D printing technologies for printing soft polymer materials are reviewed, with an emphasis on improving printing resolution and speed, choosing suitable printing techniques, developing printable materials, and printing multiple materials. Moreover, the state-of-the-art advancements in multimaterial 3D printing of soft polymer materials are summarized. Furthermore, the revolutions brought about by 3D printing of soft polymer materials for applications similar to biology are highlighted. Finally, viewpoints and future perspectives for this emerging field are discussed.

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“…At the moment, elastomers suitable for 3DLL are somewhat lacking, with limited fabrication throughput [39] and/or a tendency to shrink substantially after fabrication [40]. Nevertheless, it is a recognized challenge with novel photo-curable elastomers being developed to combat it [41]. At the same time, 3DLL throughput can be tuned substantially.…”

Section: Development In a Closed Microfluidic Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond Laser-Based Integration of Nano-Membranes into Organ-on-a-Chip Systems

Bakhchova

Jonušauskas

Andrijec³

et al. 2020

Materials

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Organ-on-a-chip devices are gaining popularity in medical research due to the possibility of performing extremely complex living-body-resembling research in vitro. For this reason, there is a substantial drive in developing technologies capable of producing such structures in a simple and, at the same time, flexible manner. One of the primary challenges in producing organ-on-chip devices from a manufacturing standpoint is the prevalence of layer-by-layer bonding techniques, which result in limitations relating to the applicable materials and geometries and limited repeatability. In this work, we present an improved approach, using three dimensional (3D) laser lithography for the direct integration of a functional part—the membrane—into a closed-channel system. We show that it allows the freely choice of the geometry of the membrane and its integration into a complete organ-on-a-chip system. Considerations relating to sample preparation, the writing process, and the final preparation for operation are given. Overall, we consider that the broader application of 3D laser lithography in organ-on-a-chip fabrication is the next logical step in this field’s evolution.

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UV laser direct writing of 2D/3D structures using photo-curable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Stitchless support-free 3D printing of free-form micromechanical structures with feature size on-demand

Stitchless support-free 3D printing of free-form micromechanical structures with feature size on-demand

A Review of 3D Printing Technologies for Soft Polymer Materials

Femtosecond Laser-Based Integration of Nano-Membranes into Organ-on-a-Chip Systems

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