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Lin, Hsiu-Li; Liu, Wen-Horng; Shen, Kun-Sheng; Yu, T. Leon; Cheng, Chou‐Yuan

doi:10.1023/a:1026060630998

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has received much attention as a gelling agent due to its capability of forming hydrogel systems, its ready availability, and its biodegradability. PVA in aqueous solution reacts with tetraborate ions giving a dynamic crosslinking known as di-diol complexation [20][21][22][23]. PVA-borate systems have suitable properties to be used for cleaning: they are transparent, stable, and easy to shape and to remove from the surface without the need of strong mechanical or chemical actions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Identification of Possible Gel Residues on the Surface of Paintings after Cleaning Treatments

Riedo

Rollo²,

Chiantore

et al. 2021

Heritage

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Important features required for gels used for the cleaning of paintings are viscoelastic properties ensuring good adaptability to the morphology of the surfaces and complete gel removal after application. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-borax gels containing different liquid phases are often used as cleaning materials, but still little is known about their ability to leave no residues. This study reports the development of an analytical method based on attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) for the identification of PVA-borax gel residues on mock-ups and on works of art after cleaning treatments. The effect of additives in the formulation (i.e., poly (ethylene oxide)) and of clearing treatments with organic solvents after the gel removal was assessed both with respect to the effectiveness of the cleaning and the presence of residues on the painted surfaces. The results obtained show that clearing the surfaces with cotton swabs and organic solvents after the application of the gel is necessary to ensure a good removal of gel residues. Moreover, Py-GC/MS analyses in single-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode are more sensitive and selective, allowing the detection of gel residues even on surfaces where no residue is detected by ATR-FTIR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Identification of Possible Gel Residues on the Surface of Paintings after Cleaning Treatments

Riedo

Rollo²,

Chiantore

et al. 2021

Heritage

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“…The bulk resistance of the GPEs at higher frequency increased with increase in temperature. The semicircle pattern is incomplete as compared with the complete semicircle pattern of other polymer electrolytes containing lithium salts and ILs [3,6], implying that proton conductivity is faster and there is better formation of a double layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface In all the figures there is an unusual increase in bulk resistance with an increase in temperature. This behavior is because at higher temperature polymer chains expand and acquire faster internal segmental motion causing the intramolecular bonding to break and exposing fresh sites for crosslinking agent; thereby, ion-ion association increased rather than dissociation leading to hindrance to ionic motion.…”

Section: Ionic Conductivity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In the past two decades various polymer matrices, plasticizers, cross-linking agents and doping agents have been studied for preparation of GPEs [2][3][4]. Usually, organic electrolytes such as propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) are used as solvent or plasticizers during gelation for improving the stability of GPEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acid dopants in biodegradable gel polymer electrolyte and the performance in an electrochemical double layer capacitor

2015

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Proton-conducting biodegradable gellan gum gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have been prepared using three different dopants, namely ortho-phosphoric (o-H 3 PO 4 ), sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ) and hydrochloric acids (HCl). The GPEs were cross-linked using borax. The polymeric gels were characterized by spectroscopic, thermal, ionic conductivities and dielectric measurements. Proton conductivity was in the range of 5.1×10 −3 to 3.7×10 −4 s cm −1 and activation energies were between 0.14 meV and 0.19 meV, at different temperatures. Among the doped acids, the H 3 PO 4 doped GPE exhibited thermal stability at varying temperature. Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) were fabricated using activated carbon as electrode material and GPEs. The EDLCs were tested using cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance spectroscopic and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The maximum specific capacitance value was 146 F g −1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s −1 . Quite stable values were obtained at a constant current density up to 1000 cycles.

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“…Theoretical analyses and experiments have been developed to study the relationship between G and G , to the applied shear (ω) [27,28]. Those analyses help to determine whether the system behaves like a gel or a solution.…”

Section: (B) Rheological Properties Of Human Mucusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gels That Serve as Mucus Simulants: A Review

Vinod

Tadmor

Katoshevski

et al. 2023

Gels

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Mucus is a critical part of the human body’s immune system that traps and carries away various particulates such as anthropogenic pollutants, pollen, viruses, etc. Various synthetic hydrogels have been developed to mimic mucus, using different polymers as their backbones. Common to these simulants is a three-dimensional gel network that is physically crosslinked and is capable of loosely entrapping water within. Two of the challenges in mimicking mucus using synthetic hydrogels include the need to mimic the rheological properties of the mucus and its ability to capture particulates (its adhesion mechanism). In this paper, we review the existing mucus simulants and discuss their rheological, adhesive, and tribological properties. We show that most, but not all, simulants indeed mimic the rheological properties of the mucus; like mucus, most hydrogel mucus simulants reviewed here demonstrated a higher storage modulus than its loss modulus, and their values are in the range of that found in mucus. However, only one mimics the adhesive properties of the mucus (which are critical for the ability of mucus to capture particulates), Polyvinyl alcohol–Borax hydrogel.

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Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Detection and Identification of Possible Gel Residues on the Surface of Paintings after Cleaning Treatments

Detection and Identification of Possible Gel Residues on the Surface of Paintings after Cleaning Treatments

Effect of acid dopants in biodegradable gel polymer electrolyte and the performance in an electrochemical double layer capacitor

Gels That Serve as Mucus Simulants: A Review

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