Validation of a method for assessment of an acute pain in lambs

Molony, V.; Kent, J.E.; McKendrick, Iain J.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(02)00014-x

Cited by 115 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Pain related behaviours such as lip curling, trembling, abnormal postures and vocalisations have been well documented when assessing pain in lambs undergoing tail docking and castration (Grant, 2004;Guesgen et al, 2014;Molony et al, 2002). Observing behavioural changes can be time consuming, making it impractical for on-farm settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a facial expression scale using footrot and mastitis as models of pain in sheep

McLennan

Rebelo

Corke

et al. 2016

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

158

205

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The development of a facial expression scale using footrot and mastitis as models of pain in sheep Article Title: Development of a facial expression scale using footrot and mastitis as models of pain in Trained observers reliably and accurately used the SPFES to detect pain in sheep.Treatment of disease reduced the total facial pain score of adult sheep.Total pain scores positively correlated with lesion and lameness scores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a facial expression scale using footrot and mastitis as models of pain in sheep

McLennan

Rebelo

Corke

et al. 2016

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

158

205

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“…Consequently, sometimes, no differences are found between the control and painful situation (Lay et al, 1992a;SchwartzkopfGenswein et al, 1998). It was further shown in ruminants that after the acute response to a painful intervention, monitoring of vocalisations was of little efficacy to detect pain (Molony et al, 2002;Grant, 2004).…”

Section: Postural and Behavioural Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the days following surgical castration, pigs displayed scratching of the scrotum against the floor (Hay et al, 2003;Llamas Moya et al, 2008; Figure 1) or dog-sitting postures (Llamas Moya et al, 2008). Other specific movements directed to the painful area may involve head movements towards the painful area after castration and/or tail docking in lambs (Molony et al, 2002), teeth champing (opening and closing of the mouth not associated to feeding) after teeth clipping in pigs (Noonan et al, 1994) and head shaking after disbudding in calves (Morisse et al, 1995).…”

Section: Postural and Behavioural Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, 'statue standing' (standing still for more than 10 s) and being awake without any activity were more frequent after rubber-ring castration in lambs (Molony et al, 2002) and after surgical castration in pigs (Hay et al, 2003), respectively, compared with non-castrated controls. Jumping, foot stamping and kicking, rolling from one side to the other side and restlessness measured by the frequency of alternating standing and lying postures were also more frequent after rubber-ring castration and/or tail docking (Molony et al, 1995;Grant, 2004).…”

Section: Postural and Behavioural Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injection of a local anaesthetic into the two sides of the neck of the scrotum of lambs subjected to rubber-ring castration reduced these behaviours (Molony et al, 1995 and2002). Tail wagging can be interpreted as a sign of agitation and/or as a signal masking nociceptive signals from the rear part of the body and was observed after castration in piglets (Hay et al, 2003), lambs (Molony et al, 2002) or calves (Robertson et al, 1994).…”

Section: Postural and Behavioural Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying and monitoring pain in farm animals: a review

Prunier

Mounier

Neindre³

et al. 2013

Animal

103

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One important objective for animal welfare is to maintain animals free from pain, injury or disease. Therefore, detecting and evaluating the intensity of animal pain is crucial. As animals cannot directly communicate their feelings, it is necessary to identify sensitive and specific indicators that can be easily used. The aim of the present paper is to review relevant indicators to assess pain in several farm species. The term pain is used for mammals, birds and fish, even though the abilities of the various species to experience the emotional component of pain may be different. Numerous behavioural changes are associated with pain and many of them could be used on farms to assess the degree of pain being experienced by an animal. Pain, as a stressor, is associated with variations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as in the sympathetic and immune systems that can be used to identify the presence of pain rapidly after it started. However, most of these measures need sophisticated equipment for their assessment. Therefore, they are mainly adapted to experimental situations. Injuries and other lesional indicators give information on the sources of pain and are convenient to use in all types of situations. Histopathological analyses can identify sources of pain in experimental studies. When pronounced and/or long lasting, the pain-induced behavioural and physiological changes can decrease production performance. Some indicators are very specific and sensitive to pain, whereas others are more generally related to stressful situations. The latter can be used to indicate that animals are suffering from something, which may be pain. Overall, this literature review shows that several indicators exist to assess pain in mammals, a few in birds and very few in fish. Even if in some cases, a single indicator, usually a behavioural indicator, may be sufficient to detect pain, combining various types of indicators increases sensitivity and specificity of pain assessment. Research is needed to build and validate new indicators and to develop systems of pain assessment adapted to each type of situation and each species.

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Can Fish Suffer?

Braithwaite

Boulcott

2008

Fish Welfare

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Validation of a method for assessment of an acute pain in lambs

Cited by 115 publications

References 51 publications

Development of a facial expression scale using footrot and mastitis as models of pain in sheep

Development of a facial expression scale using footrot and mastitis as models of pain in sheep

Identifying and monitoring pain in farm animals: a review

Can Fish Suffer?

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