Validation of a photography-based goniometry method for measuring joint range of motion

Accuracy and inter-observer reliability of visual estimation compared to clinical goniometry of the elbow

“…A portion of the data, therefore, has overlap with another study [5]. These include the data for goniometric measurements, against which the visual estimations were compared.…”

Intra-rater and Inter-instrument Reliability on Range of Movement of Active Knee Extension

“…First, it is important to highlight that both ROM readings were performed by another examiner in order to avoid induction of results, and the assessment with UG was"blind" 22 . Therefore, these findings can possibly be attributed to the identification of anatomical reference points, as the error of a few millimeters in their identification could compromise the obtained angular values 14 . These difficulties were minimized with photogrammetry, because during registration passive markers were fixed for further image analysis, which benefited the alignment of the segments 26 .…”

“…Many authors 8,14,27 emphasized goniometry as a method widely used in physiotherapeutic clinic for ROM assessments. While photogrammetry is used as a toolfor analyzing postural asymmetries, as well as the flexibility of different segments 10,16 , Sacco et al 3 ,showed that both methodologies are equally reliable when analyzing other angles such as knee flexion and extension, even though computerized photogrammetry showed higher reliability values (r = 0.97) than goniometry (r = 0.83).…”

“…However, other studies 3,9,10 , showed "poor" to "excellent" reliability indices for the upper and lower limbs joints, respectively, although Aalto, Airaksinem, Harkonen, Arokoski 11 found low reliability in measurements of the knee joint. More recently, following the technological evolution, the use of computerized photogrammetry has been featured in the measurement of ROM, through recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images 12 using software that allows measuring angles and horizontal and vertical distances for various purposes 3,14 . Even when compared to goniometry, this method has shown high consistency inter-and Intra-rater 14,15 ; however, similar to the study by Iunes, Castro, Salgado, Moura, Oliveira, Bevilaqua-Grossi 16 , the repeatability of the method is also low.…”

Monitoring Recovery after Elbow Surgery Using Smartphone

“…The accuracy of smartphone measurement was validated by manual measurements on photographs of the injured arm in flexed and extended position. Photography-based measurement has been proven to be more accurate than clinical goniometry [6]. The measurement was performed by drawing lines through the screws holding the elbow fixator in the bone and measuring the angle between them.…”