Validity of indicators of dehydration in working horses: A longitudinal study of changes in skin tent duration, mucous membrane dryness and drinking behaviour

Pritchard, Joy; Burn, Charlotte C.; Barr, A. R.; Whay, HR

doi:10.2746/042516408x297462

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most horses had been transported for many hours and as water intake is commonly reduced during transportation this could explain the relative decrease in serum protein and hematocrit in the after ride sampling period. A clinical evaluation of the hydration status including skin tent duration was also performed; however, as such clinical variables have been shown to be poorly correlated with plasma osmolality it was chosen not to include them in the statistical analyses . Hypohydration has been shown to affect multiple echocardiographic variables pertaining to LV dimensions in horses hypohydrated to 4–7% of their bodyweight .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A clinical evaluation of the hydration status including skin tent duration was also performed; however, as such clinical variables have been shown to be poorly correlated with plasma osmolality it was chosen not to include them in the statistical analyses. 35 Hypohydration has been shown to affect multiple echocardiographic variables pertaining to LV dimensions in horses hypohydrated to 4-7% of their bodyweight. 36 The decreases in LA diameter, LV systolic and diastolic diameter and diastolic volume were generally comparable or somewhat bigger than those observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Left Ventricular Function After Prolonged Exercise in Equine Endurance Athletes

Flethøj

Schwarzwald

Haugaard

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundProlonged exercise in human athletes is associated with transient impairment of left ventricular (LV) function, known as cardiac fatigue. Cardiac effects of prolonged exercise in horses remain unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of prolonged exercise on LV systolic and diastolic function in horses.AnimalsTwenty‐six horses competing in 120–160 km endurance rides.MethodsCross‐sectional field study. Echocardiography was performed before and after rides, and the following morning, and included two‐dimensional echocardiography, anatomical M‐mode, pulsed‐wave tissue Doppler imaging, and two‐dimensional speckle tracking. Correlation between echocardiographic variables and cardiac troponin I was evaluated.ResultsEarly diastolic myocardial velocities decreased significantly in longitudinal (baseline: −17.4 ± 2.4cm/s; end of ride: −15.8 ± 3.2cm/s (P = .013); morning after: −15.4 ± 3.0cm/s (P = .0033)) and radial directions (−32.8 ± 3.4cm/s; −28.1 ± 5.8cm/s (P < .001); −26.4 ± 5.5cm/s (P < .001)). Early diastolic strain rates decreased significantly in longitudinal (1.58 ± 0.27s−1; 1.45 ± 0.26s−1 (P = .036); 1.41 ± 0.25s−1 (P = .013)) and circumferential directions (2.43 ± 0.29s−1; 1.96 ± 0.46s−1 (P < .001); 2.11 ± 0.32s−1 (P < .001)). Systolic variables showed ambiguous results. No correlations with serum cardiac troponin I concentrations were evident.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceProlonged exercise in horses is associated with impaired LV diastolic function. Reduced ventricular filling persisted for 7–21 hours despite normalization of biochemical indicators of hydration status, indicating that the observed changes were not entirely related to altered preload conditions. The clinical relevance of cardiac fatigue in horses remains uncertain.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left Ventricular Function After Prolonged Exercise in Equine Endurance Athletes

Flethøj

Schwarzwald

Haugaard

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The lowest latency to drink was observed among sows deprived for 6 or 12 h, whereas sows deprived for 3 h lay between these two treatments and the controls. These measures are behavioural indicators of thirst (Pritchard et al, 2008;Sprenger et al, 2009). However, it is unclear how much these variables must deviate from the norm to be associated with negative subjective experiences of thirst, as outlined in the introduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of varying duration of water restriction on drinking behaviour, welfare and production of lactating sows

Jensen

Schild

Theil

et al. 2016

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Access to drinking water is essential for animal welfare, but it is unclear if temporary water restriction during the night represents a welfare problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of various durations of nightly restriction of water on thirst in loose housed lactating sows from day 10 to 28 of lactation. A total of 48 sows were deprived of water for either 0 h (n = 12; control), 3 h (n = 12; 0500 to 0800 h), 6 h (n = 12; 0200 to 0800 h) or 12 h (n = 12; 2000 to 0800 h). Control sows consumed 22% of their water intake during the night (2000 to 0800 h), whereas water consumption during this time was reduced to 13%, 7% and 0% in sows restricted for 3, 6 and 12 h. With increased duration of nightly water restriction a reduced latency to drink (26.8, 18.0, 5.3 and 6.7 min for 0, 3, 6 and 12 h sows; P < 0.001) and an increased water intake during the 1 st hour after water became accessible (2.1, 3.4, 4.7 and 5.6 l for 0, 3, 6 and 12 h sows; P < 0.001) was seen. During the last 30 min before water became accessible more sows deprived of water investigated (0%, 50%, 75%,and 50% of 0, 3, 6 and 12 h sows; P < 0.01) or forcefully manipulated (0%, 17%, 50% and 33% of 0, 3, 6 and 12 h sows; P < 0.05) the water trough, suggesting frustration and a negative experience of thirst. When all signs of imminent water access were provided, but access was delayed by 25 min, a tendency for more of the sows deprived of water for 6 and 12 h to interact forcefully with the water trough was seen (22%, 18%, 42% and 67% of 0, 3, 6 and 12 h sows; P = 0.09). Duration of water restriction did not affect water consumption on a 24-h basis, nursing behaviour or performance. In conclusion, behavioural indicators of thirst increased with increasing duration of nightly water restriction in lactating sows.

show abstract

“…Thinner animals were more likely to have severe and large body lesions, abnormal gait, ectoparasites (Burn et al, 2010a), chronic diseases, or cancer (Kronfeld, 1993) and to appear depressed or to be elderly (Denison et al, 2007). Moreover, thinner animals are often performing the most strenuous work (Pritchard et al, 2008), for example, carrying bricks or goods by pack or cart (Burn et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Bcs Of Brick Kilns Donkeys and Mulesmentioning

confidence: 99%