Valsalva retinopathy in a young healthy individual

Waikar, Shrikant; Srivastava, Vijay Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.04.015

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The increase in intraocular venous pressure can cause the rupture of retinal capillaries. 3,7,8 Hemorrhage can occur in any layer (subretinal, intraretinal, or preretinal). 2 Since the DCP is the major venous outflow of the retina it is vulnerable to high venous pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal imaging of valsalva petaloid maculopathy secondary to acute laryngospasm and endotracheal intubation

Flikier

Flikier³

et al. 2022

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To report the multimodal imaging findings associated to Valsalva retinopathy following acute laryngospasm and endotracheal intubation. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: Acute laryngospasm led to pulmonary edema which necessitated endotracheal intubation. Upon extubation the patient complained of bilateral scotomata due to Valsalva retinopathy. Multimodal imaging localizes the precise anatomic site of the intraocular hemorrhages. Petaloid hemorrhages are typical of Henle fiber layer involvement. All the hemorrhages spontaneously cleared without any sequelae. Conclusion: Patients with acute laryngospasm and endotracheal intubation may develop Valsalva retinopathy. Multimodal imaging localize the hemorrhages to the specific anatomic site which is important in determining the different management options.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal imaging of valsalva petaloid maculopathy secondary to acute laryngospasm and endotracheal intubation

Flikier

Flikier³

et al. 2022

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Sub-ILM hemorrhage is a collection of blood between ILM and retinal nerve fiber layer [ 4 ], and, as mentioned before, VR is the most common cause. VR was first described by Thomas Duane in 1972.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VR was first described by Thomas Duane in 1972. It has been reported to occur with straining and physical activities, most commonly during coughing, weight lifting [ 4 ], aerobic exercise, end-stage labor, constipation, among others [ 5 ]. The present case was a healthy young male like is typically seen [ 4 ], who developed VR after holding his breath while diving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nd:YAG membranotomy for sub-inner limiting membrane hemorrhage: a case report

Larrea¹,

Javier²,

Rivera-Valdivia³

et al. 2021

rjo

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Case Description: A 16-year-old male patient presented with a 12-days sudden painless loss of vision in his left eye after diving in a lake. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the left eye was counting fingers. Anterior segment was unremarkable. Fundoscopy in the left eye revealed a pre-retinal hemorrhage in the macular region and swept-source ocular coherence tomography (SS-OCT) confirmed the location in the sub-inner limiting membrane (ILM) space. An Neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser membranotomy was performed the next day in order to drain the hemorrhage into the vitreous cavity. A couple of days after, the BCVA in the left eye improved to 20/ 25, at fundoscopy the blood being almost reabsorbed and the SS-OCT showing a resolution of the sub-ILM hemorrhage. Discussion: Due to Valsalva retinopathy, sub-ILM hemorrhage may lead to a sudden painless vision loss. Spontaneous resolution of the hemorrhage is possible but absorption may take a long time. During this period, intraretinal tissue migration and proliferation may lead to permanent structural damage. Posterior vitrectomy is a treatment option but the fact that it is an invasive procedure fuels the search for less invasive treatment methods and Nd:YAG laser membranotomy fits this place. Conclusion: Given the excellent results and low complication rates, Nd:YAG laser membranotomy is highly recommended to treat this condition as it offers a simple, relatively safe and a non-invasive treatment option for drainage of sub-ILM hemorrhages.

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“…Valsalva retinopathy is typically seen in young males. Ophthalmologic examination reveals either a circular or a bilobed haemorrhage which sometimes has a fluid level associated with it [3].…”

Section: Differential Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic macular hemorrhage

Abdelmseih¹

2017

New Front Ophthalmol

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A case of Idiopathic Macular Hemorrhage (IMH) is described in a 26-year-old female patient presented with a sudden unilateral central scotoma in her left eye without any precipitating factors her vision was 20/40 in the left eye (OS) and Fluorescein angiography showed a well-defined hypofluorescent area corresponding to the macular Hemorrhage. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan revealed an intraretinal hemorrhage. This case is unusual, in that the IMH developed in a young lady with no significant past medical history and with the absence of retinal, choroidal, systemic or autoimmune diseases, medications, allergies, straining or any family history of eye diseases that leads to an IMH diagnosis by exclusion. Idiopathic Macular Hemorrhage is generally a disorder that primarily affecting patients younger than 40 years and can cause sudden unilateral loss of vision. It usually occurs in an otherwise healthy eye and mostly females. The exact pathogenesis of IMH remains unclear and poorly understood. Conservative management is observation of complete spontaneous resolution, which occurs within few weeks. Case reportA 26-year-old Caucasian female presented with a central scotoma in her left eye 2 days ago without any precipitating factors. She was referred with macular hemorrhage OS. Blood pressure (BP) was normal, and there was no history of any systemic diseases as hypertension, diabetes, medications, allergies, Straining or any family history of eye diseases.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for far and near was 20/20 OD and 20/40 OS. Amsler grid was unremarkable on both eyes. Color vision was intact in each eye on Ishihara Pseudo isochromatic plates.Pupillary responses were equal, round and reactive to light with no afferent defect O.U. Extraocular muscle movements were normal and unrestricted in all positions of gaze O.U. Cover test demonstrated orthophoria at distance.Gross inspection of the face and lids was negative for ecchymosis, edema or asymmetry. Anterior segment evaluation on biomicroscopy revealed that the eyelids and lashes were clear without evidence of inflammation. The corneas were clear and without evidence of scarring, edema, neovascularization, infiltrates or dendrites. The bulbar and palpebral conjunctivae were clear without injection, chemosis, melanosis, papillae or follicles. The anterior chambers were deep and quiet with absence of cells or flare, hyphema or hypopyon. The irides were flat and without transillumination defects or other signs of atrophy, tears, nodules or neovascularization. No posterior synechiae were present. Anterior chamber angles were estimated to be grade 4 O.U. by the Van Herick method. Intraocular pressure measured 17/18mm Hg O.U. at 3:25 p.m.A dilated posterior segment evaluation of each eye revealed clear crystalline lenses without opacification or congenital cataract. No red or white cells were found in the vitreous of either eye and there was no evidence of posterior vitreous detachment or syneresis. Dilated ophthalmoscopy with did not reveal a...

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Valsalva retinopathy in a young healthy individual

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Multimodal imaging of valsalva petaloid maculopathy secondary to acute laryngospasm and endotracheal intubation

Multimodal imaging of valsalva petaloid maculopathy secondary to acute laryngospasm and endotracheal intubation

Nd:YAG membranotomy for sub-inner limiting membrane hemorrhage: a case report

Idiopathic macular hemorrhage

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