“…As for the challenge "multiple stakeholder's management," using IoT for co-creating value develops into a complex process, as it involves several stakeholders that have disparate perspectives, distinct objectives and divergent business models (Mamrot et al, 2016;Saarikko et al, 2017;Sarah Lai-Yin et al, 2019). These differences may cause conflicts that hinder data collection and information sharing (Macedo et al, 2013;Lim, 2018). Hence, reconciling the different business models of the involved parties and setting a common goal for value cocreation are challenging tasks within the smart services system (Bullinger et al, 2017b;Chia Tai Angus et al, 2019).…”