Variation in newborn size according to pregnancy weight change by trimester,,

Brown, Judith E.; Murtaugh, Maureen A.; Jacobs, David R.; Margellos, Helen C

doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.1.205

Cited by 109 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Weaknesses of the study include the moderate size and the focus on pregnancy weight gain during the first two trimesters. However, several reports have indicated that maternal weight gain in the first and second trimester may be stronger determinants of newborn size than weight gain in the third trimester of pregnancy (Abrams & Selvin, 1995;Brown et al, 2002;Guihard-Costa et al, 2002). In any case, even if weight gain during the third trimester has its own determinants and consequences, this does not affect the findings of the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Diet during pregnancy in relation to maternal weight gain and birth size

et al. 2004

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Objective: Maternal weight gain has been consistently linked to birth weight but, beyond maternal energy intake, no macronutrient has been associated with either of them. We have examined whether maternal energy-adjusted intake of macronutrients is associated with either maternal weight gain or birth-size parameters. Design: Cohort study. Setting: University hospital in Boston, USA. Subjects: A total of 224 pregnant women coming for their first routine prenatal visit. The women were followed through delivery. Interventions: None. Pregnant women's dietary intake during the second trimester was ascertained at the 27th week of pregnancy through a food frequency questionnaire. Results: Intake of neither energy nor any of the energy-generating nutrients was significantly associated with birth size. In contrast, maternal weight gain by the end of the second trimester of pregnancy was significantly associated with energy intake ( þ 0.9 kg/s.d. of intake; PB0.006) as well as energy-adjusted intake of protein ( þ 3.1 kg/s.d. of intake; Po10 -4 ), lipids of animal origin ( þ 2.6 kg/s.d. of intake; Po10 À4 ) and carbohydrates (À5.2 kg/s.d. of intake; Po10 À4 ). Conclusions: Although maternal weight gain is strongly associated with birth size, the indicated nutritional associations with weight gain are not reflected in similar associations with birth-size parameters. The pattern is reminiscent of the sequence linking diet to coronary heart disease (CHD) through cholesterol: diet has been conclusively linked to blood cholesterol levels and cholesterol levels are conclusively linked to this disease, even though the association of diet with CHD has been inconclusive and controversial.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Diet during pregnancy in relation to maternal weight gain and birth size

et al. 2004

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“…weight gain during the first trimester in pregnant women strongly predicts subsequent fetal growth [25]. By 90 dG, NR maternal baboons had lost 9.1% total body weight.…”

Section: Maternal and Fetal Growth-maternalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The IGF Axis in Baboon Pregnancy: Placental and Systemic Responses to Feeding 70% Global Ad Libitum Diet

Li¹,

Levitz²,

Hubbard³

et al. 2007

Placenta

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Information on the influence of poor maternal nutrition on the regulation of responses to pregnancy, placental and fetal growth and development is critical to a better understanding of pregnancy physiology and pathophysiology. We determined normal changes and effects of controlled and monitored moderate nutrient restriction (NR) (global nutrient intake reduced to 70% of food consumed by mothers feeding ad libitum from 0.16 to 0.5 of gestation) in the baboon, on important hematological, biochemical, and hormonal indices of fetal growth and placental function. Serum IGF-I:IGFBP-3 ratio was lower in pregnant than control non-pregnant baboons feeding ad libitum. Serum concentrations of total and free IGF-I were decreased in NR mothers compared with controls (p < 0.05). The decrease in fetal IGF-I did not reach significance (p = 0.057). Serum IGF-I: IGFBP-3 ratio was decreased by NR in both mothers and fetuses. Maternal serum IGF-II was unchanged by NR. Placental IGF-I mRNA and protein abundance were similarly reduced whereas IGF-II mRNA increased in placental tissue of NR compared to control mothers. Systemic (maternal) and local (placental) IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA and protein abundance were unchanged by NR. Type 1 IGF receptor protein in the syncytiotrophoblast increased in NR. Type 2 IGF receptor protein was present in the stem villi core, and decreased after NR. We conclude that moderate NR in this important non-human primate model significantly disrupts the maternal and placental IGF-IGFBP axis and influences placental expression of this key system at the gene and protein level. Changes observed appear to be directed toward preserving placental growth.

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“…Birthweight by gestational age can be influenced by race, 3-8 ethnicity within and between races, 4,9-14 socioeconomic status, 15 gestational diabetes, 16 maternal smoking, maternal height and weight, 17 maternal weight gain during pregnancy, 18 and the newborn's sex. [3][4][5] Second-generation immigrants have been shown to have larger birthweight newborns than their first-generation counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birthweight by Gestational Age and Sex at a Rural Referral Center

Storms

Howe

2004

J Perinatol

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Determine the distribution of birthweights in singleton births by gestational age and gender at Marquette General Hospital, a rural referral center in Michigan's upper peninsula. STUDY DESIGN:Birth log data were examined for prenatal factors and obstetrical outcomes. The birthweight distribution was compared to published values, and a linear regression model of prenatal factors was developed. RESULTS:Our median birthweights were significantly greater than published values. Males were 128 g heavier than female infants after adjusting for gestational age. In a multivariable linear regression model, birthweight was significantly associated with gestational age, sex of the infant, maternal age, primigravida status of mother, and maternal diabetes (all p<0.01). Using published standards resulted in an overdiagnosis of large for gestational age and an underdiagnosis of small for gestational age. CONCLUSION:Local birthweight distributions can differ significantly from historical or national distributions. The development of birthweight distributions accommodating for prenatal factors is needed.

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Variation in newborn size according to pregnancy weight change by trimester,,

Cited by 109 publications

References 12 publications

Diet during pregnancy in relation to maternal weight gain and birth size

Diet during pregnancy in relation to maternal weight gain and birth size

The IGF Axis in Baboon Pregnancy: Placental and Systemic Responses to Feeding 70% Global Ad Libitum Diet

Birthweight by Gestational Age and Sex at a Rural Referral Center

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