Variation of glucocorticoid metabolite levels is associated with survival demands in immature and reproductive demands in adult wild black capuchins (Sapajus nigritus)

Moreira, Carolina Campos Lima; Santos, Lucas Peternelli dos; Sousa, Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de; Izar, Patrícia

doi:10.21500/20112084.2303

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Consistent with previous findings that cortisol levels in New World primates are up to 10 times higher than those of Old World primates (Coe, Savage, & Bromley, ), the same hair sample extraction and assay method in rhesus monkeys revealed cortisol levels ranging from 40 to 70 pg/mg (Dettmer et al, ; Wooddell et al, ) compared to our 425–1,787 pg/mg. Consistent with previous findings in wild capuchin monkeys (Jack et al, ; Lynch et al, ; Moreira, dos Santos, de Sousa, & Izar, ), cortisol levels did not vary between the sexes (males: 757.48 ± 91.56 pg/mg; females: 767.72 ± 111.40 pg/mg; paired samples t test: t = 0.07, p = .900).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Aggression and social support predict long‐term cortisol levels in captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus [Sapajus] apella)

Schrock

Leard

Lutz

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

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Many nonhuman primates live in complex social groups in which they regularly encounter both social stressors such as aggression and social support such as that provided by long-term affiliative relationships. Repeated exposure to social stressors may result in chronically elevated cortisol levels that can have deleterious physical effects such as impaired immune function, cardiovascular disease, and reduced brain function. In contrast, affiliative social relationships may act as a buffer, dampening the release of cortisol in response to acute and chronic stressors. Understanding how social stressors and social support predict cortisol levels is therefore essential to understanding how social situations relate to health and welfare. We studied this relationship in 16 socially housed captive brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus [Sapajus] apella) by comparing long-term hair cortisol levels with behavioral measures of social stress (dominance rank, rank certainty, and amount of aggression received) and social support (amount of affiliation and centrality in the affiliative social network of the group). Dominance rank, rank certainty, amount of affiliation, and age were not significant predictors of long-term cortisol levels in this population. Instead, long-term cortisol levels were positively related to the amount of aggression received and negatively related to centrality in the affiliative social network of the group. This pattern may be attributed to the species' socially tolerant dominance system and to the availability of social support across the dominance hierarchy. K E Y W O R D Shair cortisol, information centrality, social network analysis, stress

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Aggression and social support predict long‐term cortisol levels in captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus [Sapajus] apella)

Schrock

Leard

Lutz

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

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“…In a study of howler monkeys ( Alouatta pigra ) living in fragmented forest, glucocorticoid levels were higher compared with animals living in continuous forest (Martinez‐Mota et al, 2007). In general, food scarcity is an important factor responsible for poor welfare and increase of glucocorticoids in the wild (sifakas [ Propithecus diadema ], Irwin, 2007; wild black capuchins [ Sapajus nigritus ], Moreira, Santos, Sousa, & Izar, 2016). However, food availability seemed not to be a greater challenge for tamarins in one environment relative to the other, as the proportion of time spent in foraging and eating fruits was similar in both landscapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual behavioral differences and health of golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

Costa

Nogueira-Filho

Vleeschouwer

et al. 2020

American J Primatol

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Individual behavioral differences may influence how animals cope with altered environments. Depending on their behavioral traits, individuals may thus vary in how their health is affected by environmental conditions. We investigated the relationship between individual behavior of free-living golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) responding to a novel object (to assess explorationavoidance), and their habitat use and health status (endoparasitism; clinical measures: biometric data, heart rate, respiratory frequency, and temperature; fecal glucocorticoid metabolites). As parasite transmission can be affected by individual variation in social contact and social grooming, we also evaluated whether more sociable individuals show higher endoparasite loads compared with less sociable animals. Four groups living in landscapes with different levels of human disturbance were investigated: two in degraded forest fragments in an agricultural matrix (DFAM-higher disturbance), and two in a cocoa agroforestry system (cabruca-lower disturbance) in the Atlantic forest of South Bahia, Brazil. Using a subjective ratings approach, highly correlated adjective descriptors were combined to produce z-score ratings of one derived variable ("confidence"), which was selected to characterize the tamarins' exploration/avoidance responses during a novel object test. The higher the confidence score, the longer female tamarins spent foraging for prey independent of landscape, and the greater their body mass independent of sex and landscape. Only DFAM individuals showed intestinal parasite infection. Endoparasite loads were positively correlated with the number of grooming partners, suggesting an association between social grooming and transmission (more groomers = more endoparasites). Individual behavior, including in a test situation, may thus have some predictive value for behavior in a free-living context, and for its health consequences.

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“…PLOS ONE • When exposed to prolonged drought animals experienced AL, but were able to maintain their normal homeostatic state • Conclusions were based on elevated osmolality, cortisol and LVP [76] No Black capuchins (Sapajus nigritus) Glucocorticoids • Decrease fruit intake during the dry season resulted in increased fecal glucocorticoids in juvenile males • Glucocorticoid levels in adult males was more impacted by breeding season • Fruit consumption as the main source of AL for immature animals, while reproductive costs had greater effect on adults [77] No Blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) Glucocorticoids • Directly equated AL with deviation of fecal glucocorticoids from the baseline • Participating in social play may decrease social uncertainty and AL [78] No Brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata) Glucocorticoids • Fecal glucocorticoids were not elevated after wildfires indicating that bettong maintain allostasis in the period immediately following a fire [79] No Cairo spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) Glucocorticoids • There is a significant interaction between parasitism and social contact • Solitary females with no parasitism had the highest glucocorticoid levels • Social contact and parasite infestation may lessen AL in pregnant rodents [80] No Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) Cortisol Testosterone…”

Section: α-Msh Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of allostasis and allostatic load in animal species: A scoping review

2022

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Principles of allostasis and allostatic load have been widely applied in human research to assess the impacts of chronic stress on physiological dysregulation. Over the last few decades, researchers have also applied these concepts to non-human animals. However, there is a lack of uniformity in how the concept of allostasis is described and assessed in animals. The objectives of this review were to: 1) describe the extent to which the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load are applied theoretically to animals, with a focus on which taxa and species are represented; 2) identify when direct assessments of allostasis or allostatic load are made, which species and contexts are represented, what biomarkers are used, and if an allostatic load index was constructed; and 3) detect gaps in the literature and identify areas for future research. A search was conducted using CABI, PubMed, Agricola, and BIOSIS databases, in addition to a complementary hand-search of 14 peer-reviewed journals. Search results were screened, and articles that included non-human animals, as well as the terms “allostasis” or “allostatic” in the full text, were included. A total of 572 articles met the inclusion criteria (108 reviews and 464 peer-reviewed original research). Species were represented across all taxa. A subset of 63 publications made direct assessments of allostatic load. Glucocorticoids were the most commonly used biomarker, and were the only biomarker measured in 25 publications. Only six of 63 publications (9.5%) constructed an allostatic load index, which is the preferred methodology in human research. Although concepts of allostasis and allostatic load are being applied broadly across animal species, most publications use single biomarkers that are more likely indicative of short-term rather than chronic stress. Researchers are encouraged to adopt methodologies used in human research, including the construction of species-specific allostatic load indexes.

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Variation of glucocorticoid metabolite levels is associated with survival demands in immature and reproductive demands in adult wild black capuchins (Sapajus nigritus)

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Aggression and social support predict long‐term cortisol levels in captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus [Sapajus] apella)

Aggression and social support predict long‐term cortisol levels in captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus [Sapajus] apella)

Individual behavioral differences and health of golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

The application of allostasis and allostatic load in animal species: A scoping review

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