Variations in Semiconducting Polymer Microstructure and Hole Mobility with Spin-Coating Speed

DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Vogel, Brandon M.; Jung, Youngsuk; Gurau, Marc C.; Richter, Curt A.; Kirillov, Oleg A.; Obrzut, Jan; Fischer, Daniel A.; Sambasivan, Sharadha; Richter, Lee J.; Lin, Eric K.

doi:10.1021/cm0513637

Cited by 230 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, different groups have shown that a strong correlation exists between charge transport and nanomorphology/ crystallinity of the P3HT films [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] which depend crucially on the thin-film processing conditions. The morphology and crystallinity of P3HT thin films is affected by (i) the thin-film preparation method (drop-casting, spin coating, inkjet printing), (ii) the nature of the substrates and (iii) the macromolecular parameters, for example, average molecular weight, regioregularity and polydispersity (PDI) of the polymer.…”

Section: Morphology and Structure In Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and morphology control in thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Brinkmann

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

368

388

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This review focuses on the structural control in thin films of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a workhorse among conjugated semiconducting polymers. It highlights the correlation existing between processing conditions and the resulting structures formed in thin films and in solution. Particular emphasis is put on the control of nucleation, crystallinity and orientation. P3HT can generate a large palette of morphologies in thin films including crystalline nanofibrils, spherulites, interconnected semicrystalline morphologies and nanostructured fibers, depending on the elaboration method and on the macromolecular parameters of the polymer. Effective means developed in the recent literature to control orientation of crystalline domains in thin films, especially by using epitaxial crystallization and controlled nucleation conditions are emphasized.

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Section: Morphology and Structure In Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and morphology control in thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Brinkmann

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

368

388

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“…For FETs, although some donor-acceptor copolymers such as poly(diketo pyrrolo-pyrrole-co-thiophene) (PDPP-T) and poly{[N,N9-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,59-(2,29-bithiophene)} [P(NDI2OD-T2)] display high mobility in spite of a mainly face-on orientation [37,63], the edge-on molecular orientation of chains respect to substrates is favored for most conjugated polymers because of the in-plane π-π pathways wanted by device architecture. The devices with edge-on orientations have a better mobility than those with face-on orientations in examples like P3HT and pBTTT et al [59,64,65]. For high-mobility face-on devices, the origin may be that carriers can successfully overcome barrier near dielectric interface by hopping to at least subsequent 2-3 layers coupled by out-of-plane π-π interaction to achieve a three-dimensional transport [63].…”

Section: Crystallinity and Crystallite Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Literally, "insufficient" means that there is room to reach the optimal state and "excess" means that the optimal state is climbed over followed by a state no better. When tuning the structures and morphology in films, the insufficient driving force such as a fast coating rate [64], a low annealing temperature [38,39], a low annealing solvent vapor pressure [79,159] or a short treatment time [173] could result in the morphology not developing fully reflected by less fibrillar features or more fused shorter nanofibrils, etc. However, a excess treatment such as too slow drying rate [150], too long treatment time [156,173] or too high annealing temperature [38,39] lead to the destruction of the original optimal state reflected by reduced crystallinity, less ordered fibrillar features and fusing of nanofibrils again, etc.…”

Section: Promotion Of Coil-to-rod Transition and Ordered Rod-rod Stacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Morphology Control in Thin Films of Conjugated Polymers for an Improved Charge Transport

Wang

et al. 2013

Polymers

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Abstract:The morphological and structural features of the conjugated polymer films play an important role in the charge transport and the final performance of organic optoelectronics devices [such as organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) and organic photovoltaic cell (OPV), etc.] in terms of crystallinity, packing of polymer chains and connection between crystal domains. This review will discuss how the conjugated polymer solidify into, for instance, thin-film structures, and how to control the molecular arrangement of such functional polymer architectures by controlling the polymer chain rigidity, polymer solution aggregation, suitable processing procedures, etc. These basic elements in intrinsic properties and processing strategy described here would be helpful to understand the correlation between morphology and charge transport properties and guide the preparation of efficient functional conjugated polymer films correspondingly.

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“…With regard to organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), tailoring the conjugated backbone [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and the side-chain architecture [11][12][13] , and optimizing the layer morphology [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] raised the performance of these materials to values comparable to that of amorphous silicon, with mobilities in excess of 0.1 cm 2 V À 1 s À 1 . However, for a widespread application of these devices, air stability and material costs are important features that need to be improved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate doping leads to high performance of semiconductor/insulator polymer blend transistors

et al. 2013

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Polymer transistors are being intensively developed for next-generation flexible electronics. Blends comprising a small amount of semiconducting polymer mixed into an insulating polymer matrix have simultaneously shown superior performance and environmental stability in organic field-effect transistors compared with the neat semiconductor. Here we show that such blends actually perform very poorly in the undoped state, and that mobility and on/off ratio are improved dramatically upon moderate doping. Structural investigations show that these blend layers feature nanometre-scale semiconductor domains and a vertical composition gradient. This particular morphology enables a quasi three-dimensional spatial distribution of semiconductor pathways within the insulating matrix, in which charge accumulation and depletion via a gate bias is substantially different from neat semiconductor, and where high on-current and low off-current are simultaneously realized in the stable doped state. Adding only 5 wt% of a semiconducting polymer to a polystyrene matrix, we realized an environmentally stable inverter with gain up to 60.

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Variations in Semiconducting Polymer Microstructure and Hole Mobility with Spin-Coating Speed

Cited by 230 publications

References 27 publications

Structure and morphology control in thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Structure and morphology control in thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Structure and Morphology Control in Thin Films of Conjugated Polymers for an Improved Charge Transport

Moderate doping leads to high performance of semiconductor/insulator polymer blend transistors

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