Variations in visual sensitivity predict motion sickness in virtual reality

Fulvio, Jacqueline M.; Ji, Mohan; Rokers, Bas

doi:10.1101/488817

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…IPD range facilitates the correct positioning of VR headset lenses, as there are specific points on the lenses which have to coincide with the center of the pupil (visual axis) of each eye in order for the display image to be in focus. If a VR headset does not allow for such eye-lens alignment, which is much more likely in females (Fulvio et al, 2018), eyestrain and headaches can be expected (Ames et al, 2005), as well as incorrect perception of displayed imagery (Priot et al, 2006).…”

Section: Interpupillary Distance (Ipd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality Is Sexist: But It Does Not Have to Be

2020

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The aim of this study was to assess what drives gender-based differences in the experience of cybersickness within virtual environments. In general, those who have studied cybersickness (i.e., motion sickness associated with virtual reality [VR] exposure), oftentimes report that females are more susceptible than males. As there are many individual factors that could contribute to gender differences, understanding the biggest drivers could help point to solutions. Two experiments were conducted in which males and females were exposed for 20 min to a virtual rollercoaster. In the first experiment, individual factors that may contribute to cybersickness were assessed via self-report, body measurements, and surveys. Cybersickness was measured via the simulator sickness questionnaire and physiological sensor data. Interpupillary distance (IPD) non-fit was found to be the primary driver of gender differences in cybersickness, with motion sickness susceptibility identified as a secondary driver. Females whose IPD could not be properly fit to the VR headset and had a high motion sickness history suffered the most cybersickness and did not fully recover within 1 h post exposure. A follow-on experiment demonstrated that when females could properly fit their IPD to the VR headset, they experienced cybersickness in a manner similar to males, with high cybersickness immediately upon cessation of VR exposure but recovery within 1 h post exposure. Taken together, the results suggest that gender differences in cybersickness may be largely contingent on whether or not the VR display can be fit to the IPD of the user; with a substantially greater proportion of females unable to achieve a good fit. VR displays may need to be redesigned to have a wider IPD adjustable range in order to reduce cybersickness rates, especially among females.

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Section: Interpupillary Distance (Ipd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality Is Sexist: But It Does Not Have to Be

2020

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“…Figure 2A indicates that there have been reports of gender differences for Oculus HMDs (both the development kit and CV1). Previous studies have proposed that, since females can have a smaller interpupillary distance (the distance between the eyes, where the HMD lenses are positioned, hereinafter IPD; Fulvio et al, 2018), some types of HMDs may not be adjusted. Consequently, there would be side effects, such as eye strain and discomfort (Saredakis et al, 2020).…”

Section: Ss: Males Vs Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Modern Head-Mounted Displays Sexist? A Systematic Review on Gender Differences in HMD-Mediated Virtual Reality

Grassini

Laumann

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Modern head-mounted displays (HMDs) are a promising technology. Thanks to their affordable cost and versatility, HMDs are gaining attention from different sectors. However, the experience reported by the users of these technologies is sometimes negative. A number of people, when using an HMD, complain of various types of physical discomfort as well as symptoms like headache, disorientation, and nausea. These symptoms, developed during or after exposure to virtual environments, are commonly referred to with the term simulator sickness. Some scientific studies have shown that women are commonly more sensitive to simulator sickness. However, a gender imbalance in the susceptibility to simulator sickness has not been widely studied in the context of modern HMDs, and the studies that have been done have reported heterogeneous findings. The present systematic review aims to gather the pieces of evidence that support and oppose a gender difference in the susceptibility of simulator sickness in the framework of modern HMDs. We also aim to individuate other gender differences in the experience of the use of these technologies to establish whether there is sufficient evidence to support a gender discrepancy in the user experience.

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“…In VR, this can occur when the visual perception of self-motion is not matched by reality (LaViola, 2000). Some suggested solutions include the use of airflow (D'Amour et al, 2017), slowing down the movements (Kemeny et al, 2017), narrowing the field of view (Fernandes and Feiner, 2016), and ensuring the interpupillary distance (IPD) is correct (Fulvio et al, 2019). As discussed, it is also thought that as patients adapt over time to being in the virtual environment, so the severity of cybersickness may be reduced (Hill and Howarth, 2000;Howarth and Hodder, 2008).…”

Section: Nausea and Dizzinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersive Virtual Reality for Clinical Pain: Considerations for Effective Therapy

Donegan

Ryan

Świdrak

et al. 2020

Front. Virtual Real.

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Immersive virtual reality is transforming medical and psychological research and treatment, including the treatment of clinical pain. In this short perspective paper, we present some of the methodological difficulties that are rarely discussed in the literature of pain research when using virtual reality. These often-unmentioned problems can confound research investigations or interfere with the therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. We propose practical solutions based on our research experience. We first outline the mechanisms of, and challenges to, the sensations of embodiment and presence, which are critical to creating effective virtual reality illusions, before discussing the particular considerations that need to be contemplated when working with patients with clinical pain. Finally, we discuss some upcoming technological advances that may influence significantly this rapidly expanding field in the near future.

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Variations in visual sensitivity predict motion sickness in virtual reality

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Virtual Reality Is Sexist: But It Does Not Have to Be

Virtual Reality Is Sexist: But It Does Not Have to Be

Are Modern Head-Mounted Displays Sexist? A Systematic Review on Gender Differences in HMD-Mediated Virtual Reality

Immersive Virtual Reality for Clinical Pain: Considerations for Effective Therapy

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