Variations of net requirements for cattle growth with liveweight, liveweight gain, breed and sex

Robelin, J.; Daenicke, Reinhard

doi:10.1051/animres:19800506

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In support of Byers' (1980) theory of a liinit to the rate of protein deposition, the highest fat accretion rate occurred in the same period a s the highest growth rate for all feeding regimens. Results of this study and others (Robelin and Daenicke, 1980;Rompala et ol., 1985) using cattle suggest that the growth rate of fat-free mass is less variable than the growth rate of fat.…”

Section: Carcass Accretion Ratessupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of Duration of Feed Restriction on Carcass Composition of Leghorn Cockerels

Rossi

Loerch

2003

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Section: Carcass Accretion Ratessupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of Duration of Feed Restriction on Carcass Composition of Leghorn Cockerels

Rossi

Loerch

2003

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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“…The fecal endogenous losses (g/d) are calculated differently (2.91 × DMI), assuming an average duodenal flow of 14.6 g amino acid N/kg DMI in which 70% of the amino acid N are apparently digested in the small intestine and 90% of it are absorbed. Also the requirements for N accretion in pregnant cows are based on studies conducted in Germany as described by Robelin and Daenicke (1980). The accretion of conceptus protein (g/d) is calculated as 1.9385 × e 0.0108×t , in which t represents the days of pregnancy.…”

Section: The Rostock Feed Evaluation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of protein and amino acid requirements for cattle

et al. 2015

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-Protein supply and requirements by ruminants have been studied for more than a century. These studies led to the accumulation of lots of scientific information about digestion and metabolism of protein by ruminants as well as the characterization of the dietary protein in order to maximize animal performance. During the 1980s and 1990s, when computers became more accessible and powerful, scientists began to conceptualize and develop mathematical nutrition models, and to program them into computers to assist with ration balancing and formulation for domesticated ruminants, specifically dairy and beef cattle. The most commonly known nutrition models developed during this period were the National Research Council (NRC) in the United States, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) in the United Kingdom, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) in France, and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Australia. Others were derivative works from these models with different degrees of modifications in the supply or requirement calculations, and the modeling nature (e.g., static or dynamic, mechanistic, or deterministic). Circa 1990s, most models adopted the metabolizable protein (MP) system over the crude protein (CP) and digestible CP systems to estimate supply of MP and the factorial system to calculate MP required by the animal. The MP system included two portions of protein (i.e., the rumen-undegraded dietary CP -RUP -and the contributions of microbial CP -MCP) as the main sources of MP for the animal. Some models would explicitly account for the impact of dry matter intake (DMI) on the MP required for maintenance (MPm; e.g., Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System -CNCPS, the Dutch system -DVE/OEB), while others would simply account for scurf, urinary, metabolic fecal, and endogenous contributions independently of DMI. All models included milk yield and its components in estimating MP required for lactation (MPl) and calf birth weight and some form of an empirical, exponential equation to compute MP for pregnancy (MPp). The MP required for growth (MPg) varied tremendously among the original models and their derivative works mainly due to the differences in computing growth pattern and the composition of the gain. The calculation of MCP differs among models; some rely on the total digestible nutrient (TDN; e.g., NRC, CNCPS level 1) intake to estimate MCP, while others use fermentable organic matter (FOM; e.g., INRA, DVE/OEB), fermentable carbohydrate (e.g., CNCPS level 2, NorFor), or metabolizable energy (ME; e.g., ARC, CSIRO, Rostock). Most models acknowledged the importance of ruminal recycled N, but not all accounted for it. Our Monte Carlo simulation indicated the prediction of most models for required MPl overlapped, confirming uniformity among models when predicting requirements for lactating animals, but a large variation in required MPg for growing animals exists.

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“…Considering continuously growing animals, ad libitum feeding with a good quality hay resulted in a quasi-linear growth curve, with a slight decrease in daily gain as the animals approached maturity. As has been known for a long time [38], the proportion of lipids in the gain increased and the proportions of protein and ash decreased with increasing body weight. The values are lsmeans ± SEM (standard error of the mean).…”

Section: Weight and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This is explained by a higher lipid content in the gain with growth [38], and therefore higher energy requirements to realise the same gain difference as heifers grow. The comparison of the total net energy intake between the two groups illustrates the better efficiency in energy utilisation of animals undergoing compensatory growth, since discontinuously growing animals needed less energy to reach the same chemical composition.…”

Section: Body and Gain Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hay quality on intake, growth path, body composition and muscle characteristics of Salers heifers

Hoch

Jurie

Pradel³

et al. 2005

Anim. Res.

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-A comparison between continuously (CG group, n = 9) and discontinuously (DG, n = 14) growing Salers heifers during a two year growth period after weaning was performed. Feed was available to all animals ad libitum throughout the experiment. Growth differences in the winter resulted from a different quality of the offered hay. In the summer, the animals were conducted indoors and offered the same good quality hay. Serial slaughter was carried out in order to estimate the evolution of body composition and muscle characteristics (fibre type and area, collagen) which may influence meat quality. This experimental scheme made it possible to simulate two types of nutritional environment (poor and rich) and to study their impact on intake, growth, body composition and muscle characteristics of the animals. DG heifers always underwent a summer compensatory growth, even though not complete, when compared with CG animals. The final slaughter was carried out at the same live weight, approximately 700 kg. On average, DG heifers were therefore slaughtered 56 days later than CG animals. The differences in mean daily weight gains always neared 300 g.d -1 , respectively in favour of CG in the winter and DG in the summer. Growth compensation was attributable to an increased intake (between +6 and +7%) in the summer and a tendency for a higher growth efficiency of DG animals. No significant major difference was detected between CG and DG body composition at the final slaughter at which final carcass was approximately 400 kg and total adipose tissue weight reached approximately 130 kg (21.5% of the empty body weight). Final muscle characteristics were not modified by growth type either. It was concluded that growth path can vary according to food availability, without affecting the characteristics of the finished carcasses at constant weight. Résumé -Effets de la qualité du foin sur l'ingestion, l'itinéraire de croissance, la composition corporelle et les caractéristiques musculaires de génisses Salers. Deux lots de génisses Salers conduites en croissance continue (lot CG, n = 9 ) ou discontinue (DG, n = 14) ont été comparés pendant deux années de croissance post-sevrage. Pendant toute l'expérience, les animaux étaient alimentés à volonté. Les écarts hivernaux de croissance étaient dus à la distribution de foins de qualité distincte. En été, les génisses restaient à l'étable et recevaient un foin identique de bonne qualité. Les évolutions de la composition corporelle et des caractéristiques musculaires (type et surface des fibres, collagène) susceptibles d'influer sur la qualité de la viande, ont été estimées après des abattages en série. Ce schéma expérimental a permis de simuler deux types de milieu nutritionnel (pauvre et riche) et d'en étudier l'impact sur l'ingestion, la croissance, la composition corporelle et les caractéristiques musculaires des animaux. Le lot DG a systématiquement réalisé une croissance compensatrice estivale, bien qu'incomplète, par rapport au lot CG. Du fait d'un abattage final à même poids vif...

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Variations of net requirements for cattle growth with liveweight, liveweight gain, breed and sex

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Duration of Feed Restriction on Carcass Composition of Leghorn Cockerels

Effects of Duration of Feed Restriction on Carcass Composition of Leghorn Cockerels

Models of protein and amino acid requirements for cattle

Effects of hay quality on intake, growth path, body composition and muscle characteristics of Salers heifers

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