Variations on gut health and energy metabolism in pigs and humans by intake of different dietary fibers

Yang, Peilong; Zhao, Jinbiao

doi:10.1002/fsn3.2421

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…However, when supplemented with FOS, a significant growth of beneficial bacteria, namely Lac, Bif, and CIV (24 and 48 h) and Bac (48 h) was observed, in comparison with SKM only (p < 0.05) (Figure 1 and Table S1). These results are somehow expected, as their beneficial properties and role in human nutrition, health and energy metabolism of FOS are currently well-established [43,63,64]. The most acknowledged nutritional effect of FOS is the selective stimulation of Bif and Lac growth/activity and the prevention of harmful bacteria colonization such as E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium in the human colon [17,41,63,65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The main SCFA are acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which together represent 90-95% of the total SCFA, and at a smaller concentration (~5% of total SCFA) are the BCFA, such as isobutyrate and isovalerate [66,67]. The production of SCFA improves the gut health through the promotion of the microbial growth and microbial community structure (by balancing the interactive competition between "beneficial" and "harmful" bacteria), the secretion of bacteriocin, and the enhancement of the immune barrier [64,[66][67][68][69][70]. These SCFA are also important as physiological signaling molecules, adjusting biological processes related with the host's health and diet, playing a key-role in regulating responses of the gut microbiota fermentation to the host's metabolism [64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of SCFA improves the gut health through the promotion of the microbial growth and microbial community structure (by balancing the interactive competition between "beneficial" and "harmful" bacteria), the secretion of bacteriocin, and the enhancement of the immune barrier [64,[66][67][68][69][70]. These SCFA are also important as physiological signaling molecules, adjusting biological processes related with the host's health and diet, playing a key-role in regulating responses of the gut microbiota fermentation to the host's metabolism [64]. Additionally, some SCFA ratios are associated with specific metabolic disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Supplemented Skim Milk (SKM) Boost Your Gut Health?

et al. 2022

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The incorporation of functional ingredients, such as prebiotics and probiotics in food matrices, became a common practice in the human diet to improve the nutritional value of the food product itself. Worldwide, skim milk (SKM) is one of the most consumed food matrices, comprising all the essential nutrients desired for a balanced diet. Thus, the modulation of the human gut microbiota by SKM supplemented with different well-known functional ingredients was evaluated. Four well-studied prebiotics, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and inulin, and one probiotic product, UL-250® (Saccharomyces boulardii) were added at 1% (w/v) to SKM and subjected to a gastrointestinal in vitro model. The impact of each combination on gut microbiota profile and their fermentation metabolites (i.e., short-chain fatty acids–SCFA) was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The addition of FOS to SKM had promising results, showing prebiotic potential by promoting the growth of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Clostridium cluster IV. Moreover, the increment of SCFA levels and the decrease of total ammonia nitrogen were observed throughout colonic fermentation. Overall, these results demonstrate that the combination SKM + FOS was the most beneficial to the host’s health by positively modulating the gut microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Supplemented Skim Milk (SKM) Boost Your Gut Health?

et al. 2022

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“…Propionic acid is produced mainly by Bacteroidetes ( 43 ), and butyric acid is produced mainly by Firmicutes , providing a metabolic energy source for intestinal cells. SCFAs have anti-inflammatory effects, help maintain the integrity of the mucosal barrier, are associated with the regulation of the immune response, help maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms ( 44 ), and reduce the risk of colon cancer ( 45 ). Recharla's research showed that propionic acid, butyric acid and acetic acid were positively correlated with most bacteria ( 46 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Aronia melanocarpa Pomace Supplementation Enhances the Expression of ZO-1 and Occludin and Promotes Intestinal Development in Pigs

et al. 2022

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A fruit juice production byproduct, Aronia melanocarpa pomace (AMP) is rich in natural polyphenol antioxidant components. The objectives of this study were to study the effects of dietary AMP supplementation on the feeding outcome and intestinal barrier function of pigs. In total, 27 growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, ~60 days, average weight of 27.77 ± 2.87 kg, males and females included at random) were randomly allotted to 3 treatment groups, with 3 repetitions per group and 3 pigs per repetition. At the experiment completion, 2 pigs (close to the average body weight of all experimental pigs) per replicate were slaughtered. The control group (CON group) was fed a basic diet, and the experimental groups were fed 4% (4% AMP group) and 8% (8% AMP group) AMP in the basic diet. These pigs were prefed for 3 days, and the formal experiments were performed for 7 weeks. The results showed that compared with the CON diet, the 4% AMP supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain of pigs (P < 0.05). Regarding intestinal development, 4% AMP significantly increased the jejunal villus height/crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05), and different AMP levels had no significant effect on the pig cecum morphology. Different AMP levels significantly decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). Regarding other microbial genera, 4% AMP supplementation significantly increased the levels of Lachnospira, Solobacterium, Romboutsia and other beneficial microorganisms (P < 0.05). Different AMP levels significantly decreased the relative abundances of the opportunistic pathogens Escherichia-Shigella and Pseudoscardovia (P < 0.05) and increased the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in the pig cecal contents (P < 0.05). Compared with the CON treatment, 4% AMP supplementation significantly downregulated the jejunal gene expression of porcine proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and significantly upregulated the jejunal gene expression of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 4% AMP supplementation in feed is beneficial to overall pig health and growth.

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“…The greatest bacterial density in broilers is found in the cecum ( Rehman et al, 2007 ). A complex microbial community in the intestine plays a key role in nutrition and health ( Yang and Zhao, 2021 ). For example, probiotics and their metabolites can promote a symbiotic balance of microorganisms in the gut of the broilers ( Perez-Chabela et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Along with banning antibiotics, necrotic enteritis (NE), especially subclinical enteritis (SNE), poses a significant threat to the chicken industry; however, probiotics are a potentially promising intervention. We aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 (BS) on the treatment of Clostridium perfringens (CP)-induced SNE in broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into three treatment groups, namely control (Ctr), SNE, and BS treatment (BST) groups, all of which were fed with a basal died for 21days, and then from day 22 onward, only the BST group had a BS supplemented diet (1×109 colony-forming units BS/kg). On day 15, all chicks, except the Ctr group, were challenged with a 20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine and 1ml CP (2×108) on days 18–21 for SNE induction. Beneficial effects were observed on growth performance in BST compared to SNE broilers. BST treatment alleviated intestinal lesions and increased the villus height/crypt depth ratio. Further, BST broilers showed increased maltase activity in the duodenum compared with SNE chicks, and a significantly decreased caspase-3 protein expression in the jejunum mucosa. Moreover, an increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Bifidobacterium beneficial gut bacteria and an altered gut metabolome were observed. Taken together, we demonstrate that the manipulation of microbial gut composition using probiotics may be a promising prevention strategy for SNE by improving the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota, intestinal structure, and reducing inflammation and apoptosis. Hence, BS potentially has active ingredients that may be used as antibiotic substitutes and effectively reduces the economic losses caused by SNE. The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for BS application in broiler feed in the future.

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Variations on gut health and energy metabolism in pigs and humans by intake of different dietary fibers

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 18 publications

References 96 publications

Can Supplemented Skim Milk (SKM) Boost Your Gut Health?

Can Supplemented Skim Milk (SKM) Boost Your Gut Health?

Dietary Aronia melanocarpa Pomace Supplementation Enhances the Expression of ZO-1 and Occludin and Promotes Intestinal Development in Pigs

Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

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