Varied functions of immune checkpoints during cancer metastasis

Safarzadeh, Ali; Alizadeh, Mohammad; Beyranvand, Fatemeh; Jozaaee, Reza Falavand; Hajiasgharzadeh, Khalil; Baghbanzadeh, Amir; Derakhshani, Afshin; Argentiero, Antonella; Baradaran, Behzad; Silvestris, Nicola

doi:10.1007/s00262-020-02717-2

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 174 publications

(213 reference statements)

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“…The immune checkpoints play a critical role in maintaining immune system balance and preventing the development of malignancies and autoimmune diseases [ 21 ]. In our study, we investigated the relationship between FANCD2 and immune checkpoints in 33 different tumors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancancer analysis of the prognostic and immunological role of FANCD2: a potential target for carcinogenesis and survival

Zhao,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

BMC Med Genomics

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Recent evidence has shed light on the significant role of FANCD2 in cancer initiation, development, and progression. However, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of FANCD2 has been lacking. In this study, we have conducted a thorough investigation into the expression profiles and prognostic significance of FANCD2, as well as its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and immune cell infiltration, using advanced bioinformatic techniques. The results demonstrate that FANCD2 is significantly upregulated in various common cancers and is associated with prognosis. Notably, higher expression levels of FANCD2 are linked to poor overall survival, as indicated by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Additionally, we have observed a decrease in the methylation of FANCD2 DNA in some cancers, and this decrease is inversely correlated with FANCD2 expression. Genetic alterations in FANCD2 predominantly manifest as mutations, which are associated with overall survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free survival, and progression-free survival in certain tumor types. Moreover, FANCD2 exhibits a strong correlation with infiltrating cell levels, immune checkpoint genes, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI). Enrichment analysis further highlights the potential impact of FANCD2 on Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway and cell cycle regulation. Through this comprehensive pan-cancer analysis, we have gained a deeper understanding of the functions of FANCD2 in oncogenesis and metastasis across different types of cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancancer analysis of the prognostic and immunological role of FANCD2: a potential target for carcinogenesis and survival

Zhao,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

BMC Med Genomics

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“…Immune checkpoints (ICPs) are essential immune regulators that maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmune responses [ 51 ]. However, in the context of cancer, there is a frequent activation of immune checkpoint pathways, resulting in the disruption of anti-tumor immune responses and promoting the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cancerous cells [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IQGAP3 promotes the progression of glioma as an immune and prognostic marker

GAO,

GE,

GAO

et al. 2024

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Background: IQGAP3 plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, division, and cytoskeletal organization. Abnormal expression of IQGAP3 has been linked to various tumors, but its function in glioma is not well understood. Methods: Various methods, including genetic differential analysis, single-cell analysis, ROC curve analysis, Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and enrichment analysis, were employed to analyze the expression patterns, diagnostic potential, prognostic implications, and biological processes involving IQGAP3 in normal and tumor tissues. The impact of IQGAP3 on immune infiltration and the immune microenvironment in gliomas was evaluated using immunofluorescence. Additionally, the cBioPortal database was used to analyze copy number variations and mutation sites of IQGAP3. Experimental validation was also performed to assess the effects of IQGAP3 on glioma cells and explore underlying mechanisms. Results: High IQGAP3 expression in gliomas is associated with an unfavorable prognosis, particularly in wild-type IDH and 1p/19q non-codeleted gliomas. Enrichment analysis revealed that IQGAP3 is involved in regulating the cell cycle, PI3K/AKT signaling, p53 signaling, and PLK1-related pathways. Furthermore, IQGAP3 expression may be closely related to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma. BRD-K88742110 and LY-303511 are potential drugs for targeting IQGAP3 in anti-glioma therapy. In vitro experiments showed that downregulation of IQGAP3 inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioma cells, with the PLK1/PI3K/AKT pathway potentially playing a crucial role in IQGAP3-mediated glioma progression. Conclusion: IQGAP3 shows promise as a valuable biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and immunotherapeutic strategies in gliomas.

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“…It's clear that in both diseases the host immune response is critical for the disease outcome. In this sense, immune checkpoints are essential for the regulation of the immune system homoeostasis and metastasis in cancer (Safarzadeh et al ., 2020 ). These are also important factors regulating the function of T-cells and can be differentially modulated during pathogen infections (Cai et al ., 2020 ).…”

Section: Immunological Coincidences Between Leishmaniasis and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%