Vccination of one‐day‐old chicks against newcastle disease using inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine and/or live vaccine

Abstract

SUMMARYOne-day-old chicks, with or without maternal antibodies against Newcastle disease, were vaccinated by different methods: one group received a live vaccine (Hitchner B 1 strain), the second group an oil-adjuvant vaccine, and the third group both vaccines simultaneously. The serological response and the protection of the chicks against challenge were evaluated regularly up to 80 days of age. The best results were obtained when using both vaccines, which induced a good level of protection against the challenge virus strain. INTRODUCTIONAlthough vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) has been practised for many years, discussion is still taking place about the methods as well as programmes of vaccination. The recent use of inactivated oil-adjuvant vaccines (10 AV) (Zanella, 1966;Cessi and Nardelli, 1974;Allan, 1974;Bennejean et al., 1974) has been well-received by poultrymen owning flocks of breeders and laying hens. The interest in vaccinating pullets with IOAV before they start laying has been increasing.

Vaccination of fowl with inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine by the respiratory route

“…So, most likely this protection was due to local immunity, as is the case after administration of live vaccine by the respiratory route to chickens with maternal antibodies. (Bennejean et al, 1978;Holmes, 1979a;Voeten et al, 1987;Van Eck, 1987). However, whether this local immunity prevents replication and excretion of the challenge virus, was not studied.…”

The combination of attenuated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine with rHVT-ND vaccine at 1 day old is more protective against ND virus challenge than when combined with inactivated ND vaccine

“…The efficacy of these three vaccination schedules was then investigated. The clinical protection obtained at 6 weeks by the inact ND and live ND vaccines administrated simultaneously at 1 day old was more enhanced than previously described (Bennejean et al, 1978). The inact ND/live ND vaccination programme including a live ND vaccine with enterotropic tropism was more protective against a viscerotropic vNDV at 4 weeks, in comparison with a tracheotropic live strain (Chansiripornchai & Sasipreeyajan, 2006).…”

“…It has been reported that the combination of live and inactivated ND vaccines at 1-day-old induces a higher and longer-lasting humoral immunity when compared with inactivated vaccine administered alone (Bennejean et al, 1978;Giambrone & Clay, 1986;Folitse et al, 1998). This programme provides clinical protection against pneumotropic velogenic NDV (vNDV) isolated in past epizootics (Bennejean et al, 1978;Giambrone & Clay, 1986;Folitse et al, 1998;Chansiripornchai & Sasipreeyajan, 2006) and has become routinely used in countries where ND is a significant problem. In this context, a new ND vaccination regimen including the concomitant use of a recombinant herpesvirus of turkey expressing the F gene of NDV (rHVT-ND) and a live ND vaccine adjuvanted (Rauw et al, 2010a) or not (Palya et al, 2008;Rauw et al, 2010a) with chitosan at 1-day-old was investigated.…”

An Ulster 2C strain‐derived Newcastle disease vaccine: Efficacy and excretion in maternally immune chickens

“…However, in birds with maternally derived antibodies, efficacy of Hitchner Bl vaccine is poor. (Gough & Allan, 1976;Eidson et al, 1976;Bennejean et al, 1978). The V4 strain was not effective when administered as food pellet vaccine to chickens with maternal antibodies (Ideris et al, 1987), while studies in which the V4 vaccine was administered to maternally immune chickens by the respiratory route have not been reported (Westbury, 1981).…”