Vegetative response during imagined movement is proportional to mental effort

Decety, Jean; Jeannerod, Marc; Germain, Marie St.; Pastene, J.

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80033-6

Cited by 371 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Specifically, this overlap has been reported for hand movements [25,31], finger-to-thumb movements [38], toe and tongue movements [14] as well as during walking [29]. It has also been shown that muscular force is enhanced by an 'imagined' training [39,51] and that autonomic activation is increased, compared to rest, when subjects imagine motor actions with large physical effort [8,9,33]. Interestingly, several studies showed that motor images of various motor tasks (arm pointing, writing and walking) preserve the same spatiotemporal characteristics and obey the same motor rules or biomechanical constraints as their actual counterparts [4,7,10,16,27,[34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Mentally represented motor actions in normal agingI. Age effects on the temporal features of overt and covert execution of actions

Skoura

Papaxanthis

Vinter

et al. 2005

Behavioural Brain Research

105

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The present study examines the temporal features of overt and covert actions as a function of normal aging. In the first experiment, we tested three motor tasks (walking, sit-stand-sit, arm pointing) that did not imply any particular spatiotemporal constraints, and we compared the duration of their overt and covert execution in three different groups of age (mean ages: 22.5, 66.2 and 73.4 years). We found that the ability of generating motor images did not differentiate elderly subjects from young subjects. Precisely, regarding overt and covert durations, subjects presented similarities for the walking and pointing tasks and dissimilarities for the stand-sit-stand task. Furthermore, the timing variability of imagined movements was always greater compared to actual movements and was of the same amount in the three groups of age. In the second experiment, we investigated the effect of age (three groups with mean ages: 22, 64.8 and 73.2 years) upon temporal characteristics of covert and overt movements involving strong spatiotemporal constraints (speed/accuracy trade-off paradigm). During overt execution young and elderly subjects respected Fitts's law despite the fact that movement speed progressively decreased with age. Thus, while execution is deteriorated, the motor preparation process is still intact in old age, and follows well-known laws of biological motions. For covert execution, movement speed progressively decreased with age but elderly subjects did not respect Fitts's law. This suggests that the generation and control of motor intentions that consciously do not come to execution, particularly those concerning complex motor actions are progressively perturbed in the aging brain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Mentally represented motor actions in normal agingI. Age effects on the temporal features of overt and covert execution of actions

Skoura

Papaxanthis

Vinter

et al. 2005

Behavioural Brain Research

105

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“…Apart from questionnaires, autonomic system function measurements and mental chronometry are also considered a reliable measure of imagery ability [Decety et al 1991.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a motor imagery questionnaire to estimate the performance of a Brain–Computer Interface based on object oriented motor imagery

Vučković

Osuagwu

2013

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Therefore, the findings in the present study not only support the above concept (Amman et al 2013) but also suggest that effort-mediated ventilatory response during fatiguing IE cannot be explained by the conventional framework of central command that drives breathing via neural mechanisms consisting of parallel activation of motor and respiratory centers (Goodwin et al 1972;Heigenhauser et al 1983;Krogh and Lindhard 1913;Marcora et al 2008). Recent studies (Decety et al 1991;Thornton et al 2001;Williamson et al 2002Williamson et al , 2006Yunoki et al 2009) using a cognitive approach to dissociate peripheral neural signals from central command have suggested that central command-mediated response does not necessarily require parallel activation of central motor command. Thornton et al (2001) showed by using positron emission tomography (PET) that breathing during imagination of effortful exercise was increased with significant activations of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor areas, premotor area, and cerebellum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between motor corticospinal excitability and ventilatory response during intense exercise

et al. 2016

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2 Abstract PurposeEffort sense has been suggested to be involved in the hyperventilatory response during intense exercise (IE). However, the mechanism by which effort sense induces an increase in ventilation during IE has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between effort-mediated ventilatory response and corticospinal excitability of lower limb muscle during IE. MethodsEight subjects performed 3 min of cycling exercise at 75-85% of maximum workload twice (IE 1st and IE 2nd ). IE 2nd was performed after 60 min of resting recovery following 45 min of submaximal cycling exercise at the workload corresponding to ventilatory threshold. Vastus lateralis muscle response to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex (motor evoked potentials, MEPs), effort sense of legs (ESL, Borg 0-10 scale), and ventilatory response were measured during the two IEs. ResultsThe slope of ventilation (l/min) against CO 2 output (l/min) during IE 2nd (28.0 ± 5.6) was significantly greater than that (25.1 ± 5.5) during IE 1st . Mean ESL during IE was significantly higher in IE 2nd (5.25 ± 0.89) than in IE 1st (4.67 ± 0.62). Mean MEP (normalized to maximal M-wave) during IE was significantly lower in IE 2nd (66 ± 22%) than in IE 1st (77 ± 24%). The difference in mean ESL between the two IEs was significantly (p < 0.05, r = -0.82) correlated with the difference in mean MEP between the two IEs. ConclusionsThe findings suggest that effort-mediated hyperventilatory response to IE may be associated with a decrease in corticospinal excitability of exercising muscle.

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Vegetative response during imagined movement is proportional to mental effort

Cited by 371 publications

References 11 publications

Mentally represented motor actions in normal agingI. Age effects on the temporal features of overt and covert execution of actions

Mentally represented motor actions in normal agingI. Age effects on the temporal features of overt and covert execution of actions

Using a motor imagery questionnaire to estimate the performance of a Brain–Computer Interface based on object oriented motor imagery

Relationship between motor corticospinal excitability and ventilatory response during intense exercise

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