Vehicular multitier gateway selection algorithm for heterogeneous VANET architectures

Abstract

Cooperative intelligent transportation systems have become an active topic with the introduction of smart communications between vehicles, increasing driver safety, traffic efficiency and ultimately paving way for autonomous vehicles. These vehicular communications have stringent transmission requirements. Among various proposed communication protocols, use of heterogeneous networks, combining long term evolution (LTE) with dedicated short range communications (DSRC), have shown promising results. This paper proposes an LTE gateway selection procedure that enables multitier hybrid architecture. The proposed multitier heterogeneous adaptive VANET (MHAV) framework consists of two tiers, the high tier consist of authority owned vehicles or public transport operators such as buses, lorries and taxis, while low tier consist of privately owned vehicles. Having an authority owned gateway addresses the security and privacy concern raised by private car owners on sharing their information with other cars. Results from implementation of our proposed algorithm using extensive system-level simulations showed an increase in coverage area for DSRC while minimizing the number of gateway switches made by 30-35% in comparison with previously proposed multitier registration techniques. Traffic on LTE network in our simulations is also reduced by 50%.

On the Design and Deployment of Multitier Heterogeneous and Adaptive Vehicular Networks

“…Out of all the HTNs residing in S, the one with the highest T is selected for registration. Once LTN has registered with the HTN, it stays connected with it while the distance between LTN and HTN remains below R. Proposed registration algorithm is elaborated in [20].…”

“…3) Scenario-III: LTE Message Dissemination: If an HTN does not fulfill the criteria described in [20], it will result in the LTN being disconnected from the DSRC network. To ensure full time connectivity we propose a fall-back to using the LTE mobile network.…”

“…Many advantages such as their tall structure exhibiting higher transmission range, covering most parts of urban areas, no requirement of privacy mechanisms and avoiding the cost of installing a new infrastructure, make public buses a good substitute for fixed base stations. This paper builds upon our previous work that proposes a multitier framework [18], where authority owned or public transport are high tier nodes (HTN) acting as MGs, incorporating message dissemination scheme proposed in [19] with a fallback mechanism and MG registration technique proposed in [20].…”