Vehicular Wireless Communication Standards

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are the future of mobility. Safe and reliable AVs are required for widespread adoption by a community which is only possible if these AVs can communicate with each other & with other entities in a highly efficient way. AVs require ultra-reliable communications for safety-critical applications to ensure safe driving. Existing vehicular communication standards, i.e., IEEE 802.11p (DSRC), ITS-G5, & LTE, etc., do not meet the requirements of high throughput, ultra-high reliability, and ultra-low latency along with other issues. To address these challenges, IEEE 802.11bd & 5G NR-V2X standards provide more efficient and reliable communication, however, these standards are in the developing stage. Existing literature generally discusses the features of these standards only and does not discuss the drawbacks. Similarly, existing literature does not discuss the comparison between these standards or discusses a comparison between any two standards only. However, this work comprehensively describes different issues/challenges faced by these standards. This work also comprehensively provides a comparison among these standards along with their salient features. The work also describes spectrum management issues comprehensively, i.e., interoperability issues, co-existence with Wi-Fi, etc. The work also describes different other issues comprehensively along with recommendations. The work describes that 802.11bd and 5G NR are the two potential future standards for efficient vehicle communications; however, these standards must be able to provide backward compatibility, interoperability, and co-existence with current and previous standards.

Vehicle-to-Everything Communication

“…Depending on the mode, which is used for the data transmission, the requirement for the latency is in the range between 20-100 ms [39]. The communication range can reach the value >1200 m [40].…”

A Comparative Study of IEEE 802.11bd and IEEE 802.11p on the Data Dissemination Properties in Dynamic Traffic Scenarios

“…However, due to the extensive safety-related field trials performed worldwide, DSRC still holds an advantage compared with C-V2X, whose effective reliability and scalability are still to be completely verified [16][17][18]. To investigate the potential improvement of the NGV standards, several researchers have compared the communication performance of 802.11bd with that of its predecessor, IEEE 802.11p, and its competitor, NR-V2X [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Refs.…”

“…Refs. [19,20] provided pioneering and preliminary comparative evaluations of the advantages and disadvantages based on the technical characteristics of different standards, which provide some crucial insights from the analytical aspect. To obtain more detailed and realistic comparison results, researchers have utilized simulation tools such as MATLAB (https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/matlab.html) [21][22][23] and OMNeT++ (https://omnetpp.org/) [24] to simulate the performance of the IEEE 802.11bd standard.…”