Verification of battery system model for environmentally friendly vehicles using a battery hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation

Abstract

Owing to high oil prices and the efforts to reduce greenhouse gases according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, there has been active research and development on environmentally friendly, high-efficiency vehicles. In developing the system design and specifications of an environmentally friendly vehicle, various simulations have been performed on the different components and the overall system. Although a precise modelling of each part and the system as a whole is necessary for an accurate simulation, detailed modelling of a high-capacity battery systemwhich directly affects the performance of an environmentally friendly vehicleis difficult to achieve owing to the non-linear electrochemical properties of the battery. In this study, an electrochemical impedance measurement technique is used to implement a battery cell model, upon which a battery system model for environmentally friendly vehicles that takes into account the ancillary components of the battery pack is developed. And we used an actual battery system that requires complex and difficult modelling owing to non-linear and irreversible properties of the battery. In addition, to verify the developed battery system model, we used models implemented for other vehicle components and systems to construct a hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a battery reflecting an actual driving environment.

Functional analysis of Battery Management Systems using multi-cell HIL simulator

“…If a real LIB system is used, the method is so called battery-in-theloop (BIL) or battery-hardware-in-the-loop (BHIL). BIL simulation is proposed in automotive applications for the purposes of battery evaluation [1], BMS validation [2], verification of battery models [3] or assessment of power or energy management strategies [4]- [6], considering a complete virtual vehicle [1]- [4] or in combination with other real components [5], [6].…”

“…The most common approach for battery modelling methods are electrical models based on ECMs, e.g. impedance-based modeling (abstract approach) [3], [7]- [13], [16], [18]- [21], [25], [26], [30]- [32]. Other approaches are proposed rarely in the literature.…”

Modelling and controller design of quasi‐Z‐source inverter with battery‐based photovoltaic power system

“…Thereinto, r L is the parasitic resistance of qZS inductor. For the battery, here, a simple model with the open-circuit voltage (OCV) V OCV and an internal resistance R b simulates the basic function of battery [21]. Assume that the battery current direction is positive when discharging.…”

Modified rectifications for improving the charge equalisation performance of series‐connected battery stack

“…In recent years, lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is widely applied because it has several good features, such as high power (energy) density, low self-discharge rate and high nominal-cell-voltage (3.3-3.7 V) [1][2][3][4]. However, a single Li-ion battery cannot supply the required voltage for high voltage applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy systems [1,[5][6][7][8], and a lot of batteries have to be formed as a series-connected battery stack to supply the required voltage. When the number of battery cells increases, the available capacities and terminal voltages of batteries will become more different since they have different chemical characteristics, self-discharge rates and impedance when they were manufactured.…”