Versatile fabrication of nanoscale sol–gel bioactive glass particles for efficient bone tissue regeneration

Abstract

There has been an increased interest in developing nanoscale biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration, due to the biomimetic nano-dimensions and properties compared to natural tissue (bone). Bioactive glass (BG) is regarded as an excellent biomaterial for use in bone regeneration, because of its bioactivity and osteoconductivity. Here, we develop bioactive glass nano-scale particles (NBGs) by sol-gel combining gelation-induced phase separation technology, and demonstrate the effect of bioactive glass dimensions on their physicochemical and biological properties. The micro/nanostructure, surface texture, and bioactive silicon species release were studied to indicate the physicochemical properties of NBGs. The bone-bonding ability was determined by investigating the apatite-forming bioactivity of NBGs. The effect of the micro/nanoscale interface on the attachment and proliferation of human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was carried out to determine the biocompatibility of NBGs. All samples showed stable silicone release, and the nanoscale particles (40-800 nm) demonstrated a high apatite-forming ability. The biological results showed that all particle dimensions (40-2000 nm) supported hMSCs attachment and proliferation. The NBG with a nanoscale dimension of 40-180 nm significantly enhanced hMSCs proliferation. This study may provide a new route in the design of bioactive biomaterials' nano-interfaces for efficient bone tissue regeneration.

Nanoscale Bioactive Glass Activates Osteoclastic Differentiation of RAW 264.7 Cells

“…Furthermore, using sol-gel methodology sub-micron bioactive glass particles (85% SiO 2 , 15% CaO) with a mean particle size of 250 nm demonstrated significant HAp formation in simulated body fluid (SBF) after five days and no cytotoxicity with human mesenchymal stem cells (h-MSC); however after 7 days a reduction in cell viability occurred [37]. A comparative study demonstrated that nBG particles of various sizes (40 -1000 nm) and composition 60% SiO 2 , 36% CaO, and 4% P 2 O 5 supported cell adherence and growth with all particle dimensions [38]. These studies point to the importance of the chemical composition of bioactive glasses, but also to the relevance of nanoparticle size in affecting the regulation of bone cells.…”

Content-dependent biomineralization activity and mechanical properties based on polydimethylsiloxane–bioactive glass–poly(caprolactone) hybrids monoliths for bone tissue regeneration

“…Therefore, bioactive ceramic-based polymer nanocomposites have been developed as scaffolds or implants for bone tissue engineering and regeneration. [8][9][10] It is very reasonable and promising by incorporation of BG nanoparticles into a polymer matrix to fabricate bioactive polymer composite biomaterials with controlled physicochemical properties. [5][6][7] BGs have excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, while BG has the ability to form a chemical bonding in contact with living tissue through a bonelike apatite mineral phase.…”

Bio-templated bioactive glass particles with hierarchical macro–nano porous structure and drug delivery capability

“…Among the various forms, bioactive glass particles (BGPs) have attracted much attention due to their light weight, high specific surface area (SSA) and ability to be used as fillers in composites [5][6][7][8][9]. Especially BGPs with hierarchical porous structure are of high interest for biomedical applications.…”

“…A variety of BGPs with novel morphologies including spheres, worm-like and hollow structures have been synthesized by sol-gel technology [6,16,17]. Gel-derived BGs are intrinsically nano porous and have larger SSA than conventional melt-derived BGs with the same composition, which subsequently enhances the bioactivity and provides the possibility of loading biomolecules [18][19][20].…”